庄暴见孟子
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]：孟子及弟子
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庄暴见孟子，曰：“暴见于王，王语暴以好乐，暴未有以对也。”曰：“好乐何如？”
孟子曰：“王之好乐甚，则齐国其庶几乎！”
他日，见于王曰：“王尝语庄子以好乐，有诸？”
王变乎色，曰：“寡人非能好先王之乐也，直好世俗之乐耳。”
曰：“王之好乐甚，则齐其庶几乎！今之乐犹古之乐也。”
曰：“可得闻与？”
曰：“独乐乐，与人乐乐，孰乐？”
曰：“不若与人。”
曰：“与少乐乐，与众乐乐，孰乐？”
曰：“不若与众。”
“臣请为王言乐。今王鼓乐于此，百姓闻王钟鼓之声、管籥之音，举疾首蹩頞(è)而相告曰：‘吾王之好鼓乐，夫何使我至于此极也，父子不相见，兄弟妻子离散。’今王畋猎于此，百姓闻王车马之音，见羽旄之美，举疾首蹩頞而相告曰：‘吾王之好田猎，夫何使我至于此极也？父子不相见，兄弟妻子离散。’此无他，不与民同乐也。
“今王鼓乐于此，百姓闻王钟鼓之声、管籥之音，举欣欣然有喜色而相告曰：‘吾王庶几无疾病与，何以能鼓乐也？’今王田猎于此，百姓闻王车马之音，见羽旄之美，举欣欣然有喜色而相告曰：‘吾王庶几无疾病与，何以能田猎也？’此无他，与民同乐也。今王与百姓同乐，则王矣！”
庄暴见孟子译文及注释
译文
庄暴进见孟子，说：“我被大王召见，大王告诉我（他）喜好音乐的事，我没有话应答。”
接着问道：“喜好音乐怎么样啊？”
孟子说，“大王如果非常喜好音乐，那齐国恐怕就治理得很不错了！”
几天后，孟子在觐见齐王时问道：“大王曾经和庄子谈论过爱好音乐，有这回事吗？”
齐王脸色一变，不好意思地说：“我并不是喜好先王清静典雅的音乐，只不过喜好当下世俗流行的音乐罢了。
孟子说，“大王如果非常喜好音乐，那齐国恐怕就治理很不错了！在这件事上，现在的俗乐与古代的雅乐差不多。”
齐王说：“能让我知道是什么道理吗？”
孟子说：“独自一人（少数人一起）欣赏音乐快乐，与和他人（多数人）一起欣赏音乐也快乐，哪个更快乐？”
齐王说：“不如与他人（多数人）一起欣赏音乐更快乐。”
孟子说：“假如大王在奏乐，百姓们听到大王鸣钟击鼓、吹萧奏笛的音声，都眉开眼笑地相互告诉说：‘我们大王大概没有疾病吧，要不怎么能奏乐呢？’假如大王在围猎，百姓们听到大王车马的喧嚣，见到华丽的旗帜，都眉开眼笑地相互告诉说：‘我们大王大概没有疾病吧，要不怎么能围猎呢？’这没有别的原因，是由于和民众一起娱乐的缘故。
（“请让我给大王讲讲什么是真正的快乐吧！假如大王在奏乐，百姓们听到大王鸣钟击鼓、吹箫奏笛的音声，都愁眉苦脸地相互诉苦说：‘我们大王喜好音乐，为什么要使我们这般穷困呢？父亲和儿子不能相见，兄弟和妻儿分离流散。’假如大王在围猎，百姓们听到大王车马的喧嚣，见到华丽的仪仗，都愁眉苦脸地相互诉苦说：‘我们大王喜好围猎，为什么要使我们这般穷困呢，父亲和儿子不能相见，兄弟和妻儿分离流散。’这没有别的原因，是由于不和民众一起娱乐的缘故。）
“ 假如大王能和百姓们同乐，那就可以成就王业，统一天下。”
注释
庄暴：人名，即下文提到的的庄子。
见(xiàn)于王：被齐王召见或朝见齐王。
乐（yuè）：《说文》：“五声八音总名。”《易》曰：“雷出地奋豫，先王以作乐崇德。”《礼记·乐记》：“先王之
所以饰喜也”“天地之和”“德之华也”。可见，古代的乐是为了身心合德而作。音乐是道德感情的心声，也是回归天地万物
和谐境界的途径。
庶几：差不多。朱熹《集注》云：“近辞也，言近于。”，这里指“差不多治理好了，有希望了”。
变乎色：改变了脸色。朱熹《集注》云：“变色者，惭其好之不正也。”赵注则说是宣王恼怒庄暴把他“好乐”的事告诉孟，色：脸色
子。
直：不过、仅仅。
独乐乐：独自一人欣赏音乐快乐。前一个“乐（yuè ）”欣赏音乐 名词 后一个快乐作动词用，以下几句类似的句子同。
钟鼓之声，管籥（yuè）之音：这里泛指音乐。管，籥，两种管乐器，前者跟笛子相似，后者似是排箫的前身。
举：皆、都。
疾首蹙頞（cù è）：形容心里非常怨恨和讨厌。疾首，头痛。蹙頞，皱眉头。頞，鼻梁。
极：《说文》：“栋也。”《通训定声》按：在屋之正中至高处。引申为极致，极端。
田猎：在野外打猎。在春秋战国时代，这是一项带有军事训练性质的活动。由于它要发动百姓驱赶野兽，各级地方官员都要
准备物资和亲自参与，所以古人主张应该在农闲时候有节制地举行，以免扰乱正常的主产秩序。
羽旄：古代军旗的一种，用野鸡毛，牦牛尾装饰旗杆。旄，牦牛尾。
诸：相当于“之乎”，“之”是代词，代之前的“王尝语庄子以好乐”。“乎”是疑问语气词，相当于“吗”
语：告诉
对：回答
参考资料：
1、李梦华 ．《孟子》精读 ：复旦大学出版社 ，2010 ．
2、陈振鹏 ．古文鉴赏辞典 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1997 ．
3、程帆 ．古文观止鉴赏辞典 ：湖南教育出版社 ，2011 ．
4、郭英德 ．中国古典文学研究 ：中华书局 ，1999 ．
5、杨振中 ．走进文言文 ：上海远东出版社 ，2006 ．
6、朱庆 ．现代文品读·文言诗文点击 ：光明日报出版社 ，2012 ．
庄暴见孟子鉴赏
“臣请为王言乐。今王鼓乐于此，百姓闻王钟鼓之声、管籥之音，举疾首蹩頞而相告曰：‘吾王之好鼓乐，夫何使我至于此极也，父子不相见，兄弟妻子离散。’今王畋猎于此，百姓闻王车马之音，见羽旄之美，举疾首蹩頞而相告曰：‘吾王之好田猎，夫何使我至于此极也？父子不相见，兄弟妻子离散。’此无他，不与民同乐也。
孟子长于言辞，在辩论中经常设譬，以小喻大，逻辑性很强，有极强的说服力；其文气势磅礴，笔带锋芒，又富于鼓动性，对后世散文有很大的影响。文章由叙入议，先通过庄暴和孟子的问答引出话题：“好乐何如”，然后叙述孟子如何就这个话题因势利导地劝说齐王要“与民同乐”。文章围绕着“音乐”这一话题，阐明不“与民同乐”就会失去民心，而“与民同乐”就会得到民心、统一天下的“王道”思想。
这篇对话体议论文，通过孟子与齐王的对话显示了孟子高明的论辩艺术。
1、循循导入，借题发挥。
作者并不是开门见山地把自己的论点摆出来，而是巧妙地运用对话的方式，在谈话中自然地转换话题，借题发挥，从齐王好乐切入，归结到与民同乐的主旨上。在与庄暴的谈话中，孟子只有一句话“王之好乐甚，则齐国其庶几乎”，点出了齐王好乐与齐国政治的关系这个论题，但未加论述。在与齐王谈话中，孟子又从好乐切入，巧妙地重提论题，然后与齐王两问两答，从谈话气氛和思想感情上把齐王引导到自己的论题上后，孟子才进入自己的谈话主题。
2、对比和重复。
本文写国君是否与民同乐，人民的不同感受，造成的不同政治局面，运用的是对比方式。两段话在内容上是对立的，但语言上既有相对之句（如“举疾首……相告”和“举欣欣……相告”），又有重复之语（如“今王鼓乐……之音”和“今王田猎……之美”）。这样论述，就强调了国君同样的享乐活动，引起人民不同的感受，形成不同的政治局面，原因只在于是否与民同乐，从而突出了论题。
3、生动形象的议论语言。
本文虽是议论文，语言却很生动形象，如写齐王的“变乎色”，写老百姓“疾首蹙頞”“欣欣然有喜色”等。孟子在正面论述自己观点时，完全没有用枯燥的说教，而是通过两幅图画，生动自然地得出结论。
4、因利势导，论辩灵活
孟子见到齐王就“好乐”的事向齐王发问。齐王对“乐”的意义并不理解而觉理亏，因而“变乎色”，忙拿“直好世俗之乐”来作托词，不料孟子却抓住齐王的心理，因利势导，借题发挥，转换内容，把“好乐”与治国联系起来，引起齐王的兴趣，缓和了谈话的气氛。此时孟子提出“今之乐犹古之乐”，表现了论辩的灵活性。而后的两个问题“独乐乐，与人乐乐”“与少乐乐，与众乐乐”引导齐王将谈话的话题引入自己的轨道，逐步明确自己的“与民同乐”的政治主张。
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屈原《
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离骚》
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庄周《
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宋代：
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陆游
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我有一瓢酒，与君今夕同。
鸣檐社公雨，卷野沛歌风。
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哭中齐兄三首
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宋代：
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汪炎昶
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我方缠世故，而已返于真。
亦岂异流俗，自难逢若人。
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秋夜
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宋代：
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方一夔
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露白初濡木，星虚渐集房。蛾飞争堕水，鱼退急投梁。
捣练堤防冷，收禾准备荒。只愁枣红地，万马逐残羌。
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与赵梦麟诸人游甘露寺
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明代：
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李东阳
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涧筿岩杉处处通，野寒吹雨堕空蒙。
垂藤路绕千年石，老鹤巢倾半夜风。
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留别台中人士 其五
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清代：
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姚莹
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城狐社鼠屡惊骚，庙算频烦圣主劳。百尺丰碑铭上将，万家新鬼哭寒潮。
书生殄贼皆能武，草泽从公岂待招！几辈白头今日在，天教忠义翊清朝。