渡黄河
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明代]：谢榛
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日翻龙窟动，风扫雁沙平。
倚剑嗟身事，张帆快旅情。
茫茫不知处，空外棹歌声。
渡黄河译文及注释
译文
我一路经过大梁城，旭日初升照着河流关山。
阳光下翻滚的浪涛把龙宫摇撼，狂风扫平了大雁栖息的沙滩。
斜倚着宝剑感叹身世飘泊不定，张帆快行旅途心情暂时舒展。
茫茫一片不知身在什么地方，空旷处有船棹歌声声传到耳旁。
注释
大梁：古地名，即今河南开封。
关河：原指函谷关、蒲津关等与黄河，后多泛指山河。
龙窟：龙住的地方，此处指水底。
雁沙：大雁栖息的沙地，此处指黄河岸边的沙滩。
空外：天外，空中。
棹（zhào）歌：船工行船时所唱之歌。
参考资料：
1、宋丽静选注．宋元明清诗选：河北大学出版社，2006.10：142
2、李梦生注译．元明诗一百首：上海古籍出版社，1999年07月：120
渡黄河创作背景
诗人从开封出来，渡黄河，然后西游秦晋或北游燕赵，具体时间和游踪不详。这首诗是为描写离开大梁城北渡黄河的情景而做。
参考资料：
1、侯全亮，孟宪明，朱叔君选注．黄河古诗选：中州古籍出版社，1989.09：206
2、麻守中，张军主编．历代旅游诗文赏析：吉林文史出版社，1991年10月：102
渡黄河鉴赏
开始这两句点明他从大梁走出来，经过一些关山，在一个晴朗的早晨，来烈了黄河边上。接着便写渡黄，河所看到的壮美景象，上承“晓晴”，太阳从东方升起，远射天汉，云蒸霞蔚，光采绚丽；阵阵暖人的晨风，把落雁平沙吹拂得那样平整熨贴。上句写天空，大河的上空阳光放出异彩；下句写河滩，晨风阵阵轻柔拂面。“翻”和“扫”两个动词用得准确、传神，两句相对，构成了一个浓淡相生、动静适宜的意境。
“茫茫不知处，空外樟歌声。”触景生情，四句写自己在渡黄河时发出的感慨。谢榛为人正直，又重友情，在旅游京师时以诗交友，曾居“后七子”的盟长。后来由于和李攀龙论诗意见不合，竟借口谢为“布衣”被排斥在“七子”之外，甚至受到人身攻击，这对于谢榛来说，心中肯定是有不平的，一个“嗟”字道出了他被弃置后的悲凉。现在已在渡河，晨风习习，帆张船疾，旅途的快乐使他忘却了一腔不快，心中抑郁为之一扫。诗人站在船头上，广阔的天际，滔滔巨流，四顾茫茫，几乎不觉身在何处，在虚空渺远的地方，还传来一阵阵船夫的号子声和歌声。这是劳动的欢乐，抑为痛苦的呻吟。它能激起诗人共鸣的原因诗中并没有明说，但联系他的性格，以及他的遭遇，其心境有欢乐也有悲哀。有对于黄河壮美景色的赞叹，也有内心郁闷的抒发。
这首诗风格规模杜甫，句法格律，森严井然。尾联拓开，以一片空灵虚幻的景色寄意属情，如同王维“君问穷通理，渔歌入浦深”一样，不言而言之，富有哲理，给人以深广的想象境地。
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上一首：
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王维《
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送魏郡李太守赴任》
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范云《
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渡黄河》
谢榛简介
唐代·谢榛的简介
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谢榛（1495～1575）明代布衣诗人。字茂秦，号四溟山人、脱屣山人，山东临清人。十六岁时作乐府商调，流传颇广，后折节读书，刻意为歌诗，以声律有闻于时。嘉靖间，挟诗卷游京师，与李攀龙、王世贞等结诗社，为“后七子”之一，倡导为诗摹拟盛唐，主张“选李杜十四家之最者，熟读之以夺神气，歌咏之以求声调，玩味之以裒精华。”后为李攀龙排斥，削名“七子”之外，客游诸藩王间，以布衣终其身。其诗以律句绝句见长，功力深厚，句响字稳，著有《四溟集》、《四溟诗话》。
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