黄河夜泊
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明代]：李流芳
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奔流聒地响，平野到天荒。
吴会书难达，燕台路正长。
黄河夜泊译文及注释
译文
月光下黄河横躺，月光下战场似的黄沙漫漫。
轰隆隆的奔流翻腾不息，荒野伸向无尽的远方。
书信难寄遥远的会稽，去燕台的路啊还很漫长。
我这样长年的四处漂泊，竟再也不觉得是客居他乡。
注释
寒沙：寒冷的沙滩。
聒：声音嘈杂，使人厌烦。
平野：平坦的旷野。
天荒：极言空间无尽或历时久远。
吴会：吴地的会稽，即作者故乡。
燕台：指燕京，今北京。明朝的京城。
黄河夜泊创作背景
明熹宗天启二年（1622），诗人离开客游经年的南京，怀着“长路有时到”（《白门七夕》）的自信，北上京师应试。当时明王朝已处在风雨飘摇、内外交困的境地，朝政腐败，阉党专权，地方势力的反叛和农民起义迭起。作者满怀羁旅愁思和无路报国的忧叹写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、周啸天．元明清名诗鉴赏．四川：四川人民出版社，2001：475
黄河夜泊鉴赏
一二句以写意笔法挥洒出一幅幽美壮阔的黄河月夜图。首句应题而起，点明时间地点，用语平淡无奇，如随口吟出，却神完气清，境界浑然，可谓发兴高远。诗人伫立月下，凝神遥望，但见黄河东去，没入苍茫夜色之中；沿河两岸，铺展着一片沙滩，由于月光映照，沙滩显得格外空阔绵远，冷寂凄凉。眼前景象激起诗人沉思遐想，“似战场”，则表明思之所向。寥寥三字，突兀而来，挟带着深沉的叹息，表达出诗人对国事时局的忧虑，隐隐透出一片报国之意。
三四句从视觉与听觉两方面渲染水流的气势。“奔流”句承上联“黄河”，奔流”一词在此有二用：一是以“奔”之“流”指代黄河，从而避免字面重复；二是状水势的湍急迅猛，道出黄河的特性。“黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”（李白《将进酒》）其景象已经十分壮观，再加之声音动地，就更令人心惊魄动，望河兴叹了。“平野”句承上文“寒沙”，描绘大河两岸辽阔而苍凉的景象。平坦如砥的原野向四方延展，广大荒远，似与天接，尤其在星月辉映的夜里，更给人以浩茫无垠的感觉。这一联看似纯写景物，其实也融会着深沉的情思。那奔腾不息的河水，震天动地的水声，像金戈铁马，千军突进，似乎激起诗人心潮的波荡、轰鸣；那连接着远天的广漠原野，像一幅巨大的历史画卷，闪现着王朝兴衰、逐鹿争战的情景，牵动着诗人的神经。二句中，有动景有静景，有物象有心声，动静相配，心与物合，极富于神韵。
五六句写作者面对喧嚣的黄河发出的感叹。刘勰云：“春秋代序，阴阳惨舒，物色之动，心亦摇焉。”（《文心雕龙》）王夫之也说：“夫景以情合，情以景生。”（《姜斋诗话》）正是由于眼前奔腾喧嚣的黄河，似战场的寒沙平野，刺激着诗人的感官，触发他对时局和社会人生的思考，才使他慨然发出“吴会书难达，燕台路正长”的感叹。“燕台路”，指作者进身受任、报国建功之路。“书难达”，见离乡之遥远；“路正长”，言前途之渺茫，真切表露诗人对家乡亲朋的思念和忧国伤事之情。有家难归，有国难投，举步维艰，诗人的境遇可算是困窘到极点了。此二句直抒胸臆，全是写情，但透过诗句表层，南国的辽远，北野的苍茫和诗人南顾北望、引领长叹的情态都鲜明可见。这种寓景于情的写法，丰富了情感的内涵，增强了诗的形象性。
七八句写作者对自己长期漂泊感到伤感。“寄卧郊扉久，何年致此身？”（马戴《灞上秋居》）漂泊已非一日，然而还得飘流下去。难以名状的悲哀涌上心头，诗人不禁发出痛苦的呻吟：“男儿久为客，不辨是他乡！”沉重的语调中。充满夙志难酬的怨愤和无可奈何的伤感。全诗在哀叹中结束，留下深厚的余味让人品尝。
全诗由写景入手，从视觉、听觉的感受中展示黄河夜景，动静相映成趣，既衬托出心境的凄清，心潮的激烈，又触发起对自己处境的联想。“书难达”、“路正长”语意双关，怅叹深重，既透露出怀乡却难归的无奈，也暗示了仕进目的的不易达到。作者还由此宕开一步，用欲擒故纵的手法，以久客异乡之心竟“麻木”不辨，反衬出乡情的深挚。诗中运用白描的手法，质朴简炼的语言，浅近率直的方式抒发游子的复杂感情，耐人寻味。
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高适《
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自淇涉黄河途中作十三首》
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宋琬《
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渡黄河》
李流芳简介
唐代·李流芳的简介
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李流芳（1575～1629）明代诗人、书画家。字长蘅，一字茂宰，号檀园、香海、古怀堂、沧庵，晚号慎娱居士、六浮道人。歙县（今属安徽）人，侨居嘉定（今属上海市）。三十二岁中举人，后绝意仕途。诗文多写景酬赠之作，风格清新自然。与唐时升、娄坚、程嘉燧合称“嘉定四先生”。擅画山水，学吴镇、黄公望，峻爽流畅，为“画中九友”之一。亦工书法。
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刘存业
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抱被相随石室中，天鸡初唱海涛红。晦明不定山头日，呼舞无端谷口风。
前辈书题空石藓，野人心思只云松。神仙骨相知谁是，更踏飞云最上峰。