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《大德歌·冬景》鉴赏_关汉卿作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库

《大德歌·冬景》鉴赏

原文

雪粉华,舞梨花,再不见烟村四五家。密洒堪图画,看疏林噪晚鸦。黄芦掩映清江下,斜缆着钓鱼艖。

赏析

  大德歌句式为三三五,五五,七五,凡七句七韵,曲题《冬景》是王季思等编辑《元散曲选注》时加上的,这样文眼更加明晓。

  “雪粉华,舞梨花。”大雪像白色的花海,像缤纷的梨花。古人常用梨花喻雪花,如岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》:“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。”李渔《闲情偶寄》:“花花耐观,雪为天上之雪,此是人间雪”。作者饱蘸着热爱之情,写出了雪

花的形状和神态。着一“舞”字,说明北风吹紧。作者仰视天空,雪花纷飞,弥漫天际,为下文写具体的景物留下了广阔的空间。

“再不见烟村四五家。”北风吹扫,扬起雪粉,烟雾笼罩,仍依稀可辨那拥有四五户人家的村庄。此言久久平视之景。“四五家”,作者没有确指,说明烟雾之大,难以辨认清楚,联系下句这是傍晚黄昏时的景色。在此,作者既写出了冬天的特色,又写出了傍晚的特点。

  “密洒堪图画。”“堪”,值得。雪花稠密地飘洒下来,是值得描形写画的。此句总结以上二句,远望烟村雪景,银装素裹。下面三句写近景。

  “看疏林噪晚鸦。”看,那傍晚归巢的乌鸦,在稀疏的树林中正噪闹着,是准备栖息。着一“看”字引起下文。疏林,稀疏的树林,叶落树疏,冬之景也。“噪”,说明乌鸦之多。乌鸦的叫声,引起作者的注意,引起作者无限情思。正因为疏林,所以看得清楚乌鸦。作者在此用景取色是高明的:在白色的底子上只有疏林,再“着”上黑色的乌鸦,使得景物更醒目,更引人注意。黑色为冷色,而乌鸦的叫声很凄惨,显得荒凉,这样就给整个画面带来荒凉之感。

  “黄芦掩映清江下。”“清江”,泛指而非实指,言江水之清。黄色的芦花倒映在水里,形成一条黄橙色的彩带,给这荒凉环境带来了几分温馨和一丝快意。黄色为暖色。北风的吹拂,江岸边的黄芦在清江白景映衬下,更显得光彩夺目,摇曳多姿。

  “斜缆着钓鱼艖。”那岸边泊着一叶钓鱼舟,独览着一清江之景。作者勾画出了“野渡无人舟自横”的清远意境。船泊在岸边,说明天气太晚,渔夫已归家,这样使环境更显得宁静。作者摄景“钓鱼艖”,描绘出了人活动的足迹,给荒凉宁静的环境增加了生机和魅力,同时给人以期待和希望。

  这首小令,作者通过对“冬景”的描绘,曲折地表现了元朝文人儒士无限的历世感叹和兴亡之感。大雪纷飞,是冬季的天气特征,冬是一年之末,雪是雨的回归。作者虽将雪喻作“粉华”、“梨花”,而这是以乐景写哀情,饱含着作者的无限辛酸。取景“噪晚鸦”和“钓鱼艖”,这种酸楚不觉溢于言表。自然界里的乌鸦飘泊了一天,正在聚集归巢,准备度过安宁之夜。而作为人——渔夫,也归家了,唯独作者身在大雪纷飞的茫茫原野中默默地领受这一切,无限凄凉,无限感慨。这不是“为赋新词强说愁”的无病呻吟,而是有其深厚的生活基础和思想积累的。由于社会的影响,读书人没有出路,作者长年漂泊在外,生活毫无安宁,自然向往着闲适恬静的生活,看到归巢的“晚鸦”和渔夫归去留下的“钓鱼艖”,自然而然想到自己它(他)们有归,为何自己无归?这种诘问是对元政府野蛮种族歧视政策的控诉,同时也为一代文人发出带着血泪凄凉的感叹。作者这种造语取境正如贯么石在《阳春白雪序》中所说:“适如少美恰怀,使人不忍对殢”。

  小令前四句写大雪漫天飞舞的迷离景色,说明野外的扑朔迷离,依稀难辨,远景的衬托,同时透视出作者赞叹之情,境界开阔,层次分明。后三句,精心摄取几个近景:“晚鸦”、“黄芦”、“钓鱼艖”一目了然,同时层次清楚:岸上、岸边、水中,三层由高及低,层次清晰,形色鲜明。前四句朦胧,后三句明晰,把朦胧的远景和明晰的近景紧密配合,使得整个画面的空间层次鲜明,而近景中又分三层,富有空间层次感和画面的立体感;白中有寒鸦,一分荒凉;黄芦掩映,色彩富有质量感,给人温馨;渔舟斜缆,安详静谧,给人以想象:雪过天霁,照样下江捕鱼,表达了作者对安闲稳定的生活的向往和赞美之情。整个画面给人种寒而不冽、淡而有味之感,正是件雅俗共赏的好作品。

关汉卿简介

唐代·关汉卿的简介


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关汉卿


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关汉卿(约1220年──1300年),元代杂剧作家。是中国古代戏曲创作的代表人物,“元曲四大家”之首。号已斋(一作一斋)、已斋叟。汉族,解州人(今山西省运城),与马致远、郑光祖、白朴并称为“元曲四大家”。以杂剧的成就最大,一生写了60多种,今存18种,最著名的有《窦娥冤》;关汉卿也写了不少历史剧,如:《单刀会》、《单鞭夺槊》、《西蜀梦》等;散曲今在小令40多首、套数10多首。关汉卿塑造的“我却是蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不匾、炒不爆、响珰珰一粒铜豌豆”(〈不伏老〉)的形象也广为人称,被誉“曲家圣人”。