Deprecated: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 6

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 123

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstempid - assumed 'newstempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 127

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant tempid - assumed 'tempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 137

Warning: Use of undefined constant showdate - assumed 'showdate' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 138

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 140

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 141

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2178

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2179

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2180

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2190

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2193

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant navfh - assumed 'navfh' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant checkdorepstr - assumed 'checkdorepstr' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 368

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 228

Warning: Use of undefined constant dokey - assumed 'dokey' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 234

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 236

Warning: Use of undefined constant repkeynum - assumed 'repkeynum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyurl - assumed 'keyurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 298

Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 320

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 321

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 323

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant onclick - assumed 'onclick' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 326

Warning: Use of undefined constant userfen - assumed 'userfen' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 327

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 328

Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 330

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 336

Warning: Use of undefined constant userid - assumed 'userid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 338

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 340

Warning: Use of undefined constant plnum - assumed 'plnum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 341

Warning: Use of undefined constant totaldown - assumed 'totaldown' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 342

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 343

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
《梓人传》鉴赏_柳宗元作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库
首页 > 诗文 > 梓人传 > 鉴赏

《梓人传》鉴赏

原文

  裴封叔之第,在光德里。有梓人款其门,愿佣隙宇而处焉。所职,寻、引、规、矩、绳、墨,家不居砻斫之器。问其能,曰:“吾善度材,视栋宇之制,高深圆方短长之宜,吾指使而群工役焉。舍我,众莫能就一宇。故食于官府,吾受禄三倍;作于私家,吾收其直太半焉。”他日,入其室,其床阙足而不能理,曰:“将求他工。”余甚笑之,谓其无能而贪禄嗜货者。

  其后京兆尹将饰官署,余往过焉。委群材,会群工,或执斧斤,或执刀锯,皆环立。向之梓人左持引,右执杖,而中处焉。量栋宇之任,视木之能举,挥其杖,曰“斧!”彼执斧者奔而右;顾而指曰:“锯!”彼执锯者趋而左。俄而,斤者斫,刀者削,皆视其色,俟其言,莫敢自断者。其不胜任者,怒而退之,亦莫敢愠焉。画宫于堵,盈尺而曲尽其制,计其毫厘而构大厦,无进退焉。既成,书于上栋曰:“某年、某月、某日、某建”。则其姓字也。凡执用之工不在列。余圜视大骇,然后知其术之工大矣。

  继而叹曰:彼将舍其手艺,专其心智,而能知体要者欤!吾闻劳心者役人,劳力者役于人。彼其劳心者欤!能者用而智者谋,彼其智者欤!是足为佐天子,相天下法矣。物莫近乎此也。彼为天下者本于人。其执役者为徒隶,为乡师、里胥;其上为下士;又其上为中士,为上士;又其上为大夫,为卿,为公。离而为六职,判而为百役。外薄四海,有方伯、连率。郡有守,邑有宰,皆有佐政;其下有胥吏,又其下皆有啬夫、版尹以就役焉,犹众工之各有执伎以食力也。

  彼佐天子相天下者,举而加焉,指而使焉,条其纲纪而盈缩焉,齐其法制而整顿焉;犹梓人之有规、矩、绳、墨以定制也。择天下之士,使称其职;居天下之人,使安其业。视都知野,视野知国,视国知天下,其远迩细大,可手据其图而究焉,犹梓人画宫于堵,而绩于成也。能者进而由之,使无所德;不能者退而休之,亦莫敢愠。不炫能,不矜名,不亲小劳,不侵众官,日与天下之英才,讨论其大经,犹梓人之善运众工而不伐艺也。夫然后相道得而万国理矣。

  相道既得,万国既理,天下举首而望曰:「吾相之功也!」后之人循迹而慕曰:「彼相之才也!」士或谈殷、周之理者,曰:「伊、傅、周、召。」其百执事之勤劳,而不得纪焉;犹梓人自名其功,而执用者不列也。大哉相乎!通是道者,所谓相而已矣。其不知体要者反此;以恪勤为公,以簿书为尊,炫能矜名,亲小劳,侵众官,窃取六职、百役之事,听听于府庭,而遗其大者远者焉,所谓不通是道者也。犹梓人而不知绳墨之曲直,规矩之方圆,寻引之短长,姑夺众工之斧斤刀锯以佐其艺,又不能备其工,以至败绩,用而无所成也,不亦谬欤!

  或曰:「彼主为室者,傥或发其私智,牵制梓人之虑,夺其世守,而道谋是用。虽不能成功,岂其罪耶?亦在任之而已!」

  余曰:「不然!夫绳墨诚陈,规矩诚设,高者不可抑而下也,狭者不可张而广也。由我则固,不由我则圮。彼将乐去固而就圮也,则卷其术,默其智,悠尔而去。不屈吾道,是诚良梓人耳!其或嗜其货利,忍而不能舍也,丧其制量,屈而不能守也,栋桡屋坏,则曰:『非我罪也』!可乎哉?可乎哉?」

  余谓梓人之道类于相,故书而藏之。梓人,盖古之审曲面势者,今谓之「都料匠」云。余所遇者,杨氏,潜其名。

赏析

  《梓人传》是唐代著名文学家柳宗元的作品,本文选自《柳河东集》。梓人指木工,建筑工匠。本文讲述了有木匠来敲翡封叔家宅的门,希望租间空屋子居住,用替屋主人服役来代替房租的故事。

  本文作者通过一个梓人“善度材”,“善用众工”的故事,生动形想而又合理自然地阐明了当宰相治理国家的道理。“择天下之士,使称其职”;梓人的“其不胜任者,怒而退之,亦莫敢愠焉”。与宰相的“能者进而由之,使无所德。不能者退而休之,亦莫敢愠”。异曲同工!文中引用孟子“劳心者治人,劳力者治于人”来说明人们的社会分工不同,各司其职;有现实积极意念。

  好的管理者应该使用他的思想智慧,细致掌握全局要领、不自尊自大,虚图功名,不亲自去做那些微小琐碎的事情,信任下属,且不干涉下属人员的工作。

  谨小慎微,忙忙碌碌,以那些微小琐碎的事情为要,干涉下属的工作,侵夺下属应做的事拿来自己做,并夸耀自己,没有全局观,丢掉了那些重大的,长远的事情。这是不懂得管理道理的人干的事情,是不会收到好的管理效果的。

柳宗元简介

唐代·柳宗元的简介


Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 133

Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134
柳宗元


Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 139
柳宗元(773年-819年),字子厚,唐代河东(今山西运城)人,杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家,唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章,经后人辑为三十卷,名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人,人称柳河东,又因终于柳州刺史任上,又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物,并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上,其诗、文成就均极为杰出,可谓一时难分轩轾。