Deprecated: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 6

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 123

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstempid - assumed 'newstempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 127

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant tempid - assumed 'tempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 137

Warning: Use of undefined constant showdate - assumed 'showdate' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 138

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 140

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 141

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2178

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2179

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2180

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2190

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2193

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant navfh - assumed 'navfh' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant checkdorepstr - assumed 'checkdorepstr' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 368

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 228

Warning: Use of undefined constant dokey - assumed 'dokey' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 234

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 236

Warning: Use of undefined constant repkeynum - assumed 'repkeynum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyurl - assumed 'keyurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 298

Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 320

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 321

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 323

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant onclick - assumed 'onclick' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 326

Warning: Use of undefined constant userfen - assumed 'userfen' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 327

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 328

Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 330

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 336

Warning: Use of undefined constant userid - assumed 'userid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 338

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 340

Warning: Use of undefined constant plnum - assumed 'plnum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 341

Warning: Use of undefined constant totaldown - assumed 'totaldown' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 342

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 343

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
《论贵粟疏》鉴赏_晁错作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库
首页 > 诗文 > 论贵粟疏 > 鉴赏

《论贵粟疏》鉴赏

原文

  圣王在上,而民不冻饥者,非能耕而食之,织而衣之也,为开其资财之道也。故尧、禹有九年之水,汤有七年之旱,而国亡捐瘠者,以畜积多而备先具也。今海内为一,土地人民之众不避汤、禹,加以亡天灾数年之水旱,而畜积未及者,何也?地有遗利,民有余力,生谷之土未尽垦,山泽之利未尽出也,游食之民未尽归农也。

  民贫,则奸邪生。贫生于不足,不足生于不农,不农则不地著,不地著则离乡轻家,民如鸟兽。虽有高城深池,严法重刑,犹不能禁也。夫寒之于衣,不待轻暖;饥之于食,不待甘旨;饥寒至身,不顾廉耻。人情一日不再食则饥,终岁不制衣则寒。夫腹饥不得食,肤寒不得衣,虽慈母不能保其子,君安能以有其民哉?明主知其然也,故务民于农桑,薄赋敛,广畜积,以实仓廪,备水旱,故民可得而有也。

  民者,在上所以牧之,趋利如水走下,四方无择也。夫珠玉金银,饥不可食,寒不可衣,然而众贵之者,以上用之故也。其为物轻微易藏,在于把握,可以周海内而无饥寒之患。此令臣轻背其主,而民易去其乡,盗贼有所劝,亡逃者得轻资也。粟米布帛生于地,长于时,聚于力,非可一日成也。数石之重,中人弗胜,不为奸邪所利;一日弗得而饥寒至。是故明君贵五谷而贱金玉。

  今农夫五口之家,其服役者不下二人,其能耕者不过百亩,百亩之收不过百石。春耕,夏耘,秋获,冬藏,伐薪樵,治官府,给徭役;春不得避风尘,夏不得避署热,秋不得避阴雨,冬不得避寒冻,四时之间,无日休息。又私自送往迎来,吊死问疾,养孤长幼在其中。勤苦如此,尚复被水旱之灾,急政暴虐,赋敛不时,朝令而暮改。当具有者半贾而卖,无者取倍称之息;于是有卖田宅、鬻子孙以偿债者矣。而商贾大者积贮倍息,小者坐列贩卖,操其奇赢,日游都市,乘上之急,所卖必倍。故其男不耕耘,女不蚕织,衣必文采,食必粱肉;无农夫之苦,有阡陌之得。因其富厚,交通王侯,力过吏势,以利相倾;千里游遨,冠盖相望,乘坚策肥,履丝曳缟。此商人所以兼并农人,农人所以流亡者也。今法律贱商人,商人已富贵矣;尊农夫,农夫已贫贱矣。故俗之所贵,主之所贱也;吏之所卑,法之所尊也。上下相反,好恶乖迕,而欲国富法立,不可得也。

  方今之务,莫若使民务农而已矣。欲民务农,在于贵粟;贵粟之道,在于使民以粟为赏罚。今募天下入粟县官,得以拜爵,得以除罪。如此,富人有爵,农民有钱,粟有所渫。夫能入粟以受爵,皆有余者也。取于有余,以供上用,则贫民之赋可损,所谓损有余、补不足,令出而民利者也。顺于民心,所补者三:一曰主用足,二曰民赋少,三曰劝农功。今令民有车骑马一匹者,复卒三人。车骑者,天下武备也,故为复卒。神农之教曰:“有石城十仞,汤池百步,带甲百万,而无粟,弗能守也。”以是观之,粟者,王者大用,政之本务。令民入粟受爵,至五大夫以上,乃复一人耳,此其与骑马之功相去远矣。爵者,上之所擅,出于口而无穷;粟者,民之所种,生于地而不乏。夫得高爵也免罪,人之所甚欲也。使天下人入粟于边,以受爵免罪,不过三岁,塞下之粟必多矣。

  陛下幸使天下入粟塞下以拜爵,甚大惠也。窃窃恐塞卒之食不足用大渫天下粟。边食足以支五岁,可令入粟郡县矣;足支一岁以上,可时赦,勿收农民租。如此,德泽加于万民,民俞勤农。时有军役,若遭水旱,民不困乏,天下安宁;岁孰且美,则民大富乐矣。

赏析

  全文通过正反两方面的连论说了重农贵粟对于国家的富强和人民的安定生活所具有的决定性意义。作者在说明问题时运用古今对比,农夫与富商大贾的对比,法令与实际情况的对比,使他的主张得到更鲜明的表现,让统治者认识到问题的严重性。其中特别是对农民现实生活的贫困穷苦的描写,揭露性很强。

  所谓“谷贱伤农”,意思就是说,粮食太便宜了,就会挫伤农民种粮食的积极性,导致产量减少,这对国家的长治久安是有很大影响的。因为我国在历史上一直就是一个农业国,所以历代的统治者都很重视农业的发展问题。晁错认为蓄积多,则民心稳,统治稳固;而要增加蓄积,必须想办法使农民尽心于农业生产。但现状是农民忙活了一年,到头来却只有很少的收益,为了应付各种赋敛,有的甚至“卖田宅,鬻子孙”;而商人无农民之劳,却能“衣必文采,食必粱肉”。这种差距不可能使农民安心于农业,作者由此提出“欲民务农,在于贵粟”的观点。他的观点对于扭转“谷贱伤农”的状况是有好处的,对现代社会解决“三农”(指农村、农业、农民)问题,也是有借鉴意义的,但他尊崇传统的“重农抑商”政策,对待商业和商人也有一些偏颇和不公正之处,读者阅读时要注意。

晁错简介

唐代·晁错的简介


Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 133

Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134
晁错


Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 139
晁错(前200年----前154年),是西汉文帝时的智囊人物,汉族,颍川(今河南禹县城南晁喜铺)人。汉文帝时,晁错因文才出众任太常掌故,后历任太子舍人、博士、太子家令(太子老师)、贤文学。在教导太子中受理深刻,辩才非凡,被太子刘启(即后来的景帝)尊为“智囊”。因七国之乱被腰斩于西安东市。