Deprecated: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 6

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 123

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstempid - assumed 'newstempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 127

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant tempid - assumed 'tempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 137

Warning: Use of undefined constant showdate - assumed 'showdate' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 138

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 140

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 141

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2178

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2179

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2180

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2190

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2193

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant navfh - assumed 'navfh' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant checkdorepstr - assumed 'checkdorepstr' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 368

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 228

Warning: Use of undefined constant dokey - assumed 'dokey' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 234

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 236

Warning: Use of undefined constant repkeynum - assumed 'repkeynum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyurl - assumed 'keyurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 298

Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 320

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 321

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 323

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant onclick - assumed 'onclick' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 326

Warning: Use of undefined constant userfen - assumed 'userfen' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 327

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 328

Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 330

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 336

Warning: Use of undefined constant userid - assumed 'userid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 338

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 340

Warning: Use of undefined constant plnum - assumed 'plnum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 341

Warning: Use of undefined constant totaldown - assumed 'totaldown' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 342

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 343

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
《七哀诗三首·其一》鉴赏_王粲作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库

《七哀诗三首·其一》鉴赏

原文

西京乱无象,豺虎方遘患。

复弃中国去,委身适荆蛮。

亲戚对我悲,朋友相追攀。

出门无所见,白骨蔽平原。

路有饥妇人,抱子弃草间。

顾闻号泣声,挥涕独不还。

“未知身死处,何能两相完?”

驱马弃之去,不忍听此言。

南登霸陵岸,回首望长安,

悟彼下泉人,喟然伤心肝。

赏析

  “七哀”,《文选》六臣注吕向注云:“七哀,谓痛而哀,义而哀,感而哀,怨而哀,耳目闻见而哀,口叹而哀,鼻酸而哀。”这是望文生义。元人李冶《敬斋古今黈》云:“人之七情有喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、恶、欲之殊,今而哀戚太甚,喜、怒、乐、爱、恶、欲皆无有,情之所系惟有一哀而已,故谓之七哀也。”亦颇牵强。《七哀》是乐府歌辞,今人余冠英说:“所以名为‘七’哀,也许有音乐上的关系,晋乐于《怨诗行》用这篇诗(指曹植《七哀》)为歌辞,就分为七解。”(《三曹诗选》)较有道理,可以参考。

  “西京乱无象,豺虎方遘患。”西京,指长安。东汉都城洛阳,洛阳在东,长安在西,故称长安为西京。豺虎,指董卓部将李傕、郭汜等人。长安乱得不成样子,是因为李傕、郭汜等人正在作乱,他们大肆烧杀劫掠,百姓遭殃。这两句写社会的动乱。诗人正是在这种动乱之中离开长安的,这里交代了诗人离开长安的原因。

  “复弃中国去,委身适荆蛮。”这里点出诗人离开长安以后的去向。“复”,值得注意,这说明诗人的迁徙不是第一次。公元190年(初平元年),董卓胁迫汉献帝迁都长安,驱使吏民八百万人入关,诗人被迫迁移到长安,此时为了避难,又要离开长安。这个“复”字不仅表现了眼前凄楚的情况,而且勾起了悲惨的往事,蕴涵着无限的感慨和哀伤。“中国”,中原地区。我国古代建都黄河两岸,因此称北方中原地区为中国。“荆蛮”,指荆州。荆州是古代楚国的地方,楚国本称为荆,周人称南方的民族为蛮,楚在南方,故称荆蛮。这两句是说,离开中原地区,到荆州去。这是因为当时荆州没有战乱,所以很多人到那里去避乱。王粲因为荆州刺史刘表,与自己是同乡,而且刘表曾就学于王粲的祖父王畅,两家有世交,所以去投靠他。

  “亲戚对我悲,朋友相追攀。”写离别时的情景。这两句是互文,“悲”的不仅有“亲戚",还有“朋友”;“相追攀”的也不仅有“朋友”,还有“亲戚”。诗人描写送别时的表情和动作,固然是为了表现诗人和亲戚朋友的深厚感情,更重要的是制造一种悲惨的气氛,使人感到这是一场生离死别。

  诗人离开了长安,离开了亲戚朋友,一路上见到的景象触目惊心:“出门无所见,白骨蔽平原。”见到的是累累的白骨,遮蔽了无垠的平原。这是“豺虎”作乱给人民带来的深重灾难。这场战乱造成的悲惨景象,曹操《蒿里行》写道:“白骨露于野,千里无鸡鸣。生民百遗一,念之断人肠。”所咏是同样的情景,可以参阅。以上是“鸟瞰”,下面六句写的才是典型事例:“路有饥妇人,抱子弃草间。顾闻号泣声,挥泪独不还:‘未知身死处,何能两相完?”这六句同样紧承“出门无所见”。诗人见到的不仅是“白骨蔽平原”,还有“饥妇人”弃子的事。妇人爱子,这是正常现象;妇人弃子,这是反常现象。这种反常现象的产生,是由于战乱。因此,诗人以惨绝人寰的事例深刻地揭露了战乱给人民带来的沉重灾难。鲜明而生动,催人泪下。吴淇说:“‘出门’以下,正云‘乱无象’。兵乱之后,其可哀之事,写不胜写,但用‘无所见’三字括之,则城郭人民之萧条,却已写尽。复于中单举妇人弃子而言之者,盖人当乱离之际,一切皆轻,最难割者骨肉,而慈母于幼子尤甚,写其重者,他可知矣。”(《六朝选诗定论》卷六)张玉谷说:“‘出门’十句,叙在途饥荒之景,然胪陈不尽,独就妇人弃子一事,备极形容,而其他之各不相顾,塞路死亡,不言自显。作诗解此举重该轻之法,庶几用笔玲珑。”(《古诗赏析》卷九)都道出了这种写法的艺术特点。这种写法对杜甫是有影响的,所以何焯说:“‘路有饥妇人’六句,杜诗宗祖。”(《义门读书记》卷四十六)

  妇人弃子的惨景,使诗人耳不忍闻,目不忍睹。所以他“驱马弃之去,不忍听此言”。这表现了诗人的哀伤和悲痛。诗人乘马继续向前行进。“南登霸陵岸,回首望长安。”霸陵,是汉文帝刘恒的陵墓所在地,在今陕西长安县东。汉文帝是汉代的明君,史书上赞他“以德化民,是以海内殷富”(《汉书·文帝纪》),有所谓“文景之治”。诗人南登霸陵高处,回首眺望长安,自然会想起汉文帝及“文景之治”。如果有汉文帝这样的贤明君主在世,长安就会不如此混乱、残破,百姓不至于颠沛流离,自己也不至于流亡他乡。登霸陵,眺长安,诗人感慨万端。

  “悟彼下泉人,喟然伤心肝。”连同上面两句,同为全篇的结尾。下泉,是《诗经·曹风》的篇名。《毛诗》序云:“下泉,思治也。曹人……思明王贤伯也。”“下泉人”,指《下泉》诗的作者。面对着汉文帝的陵墓,面对着动乱的社会现实,诗人才懂得《下泉》诗作者思念明王贤君的急切心情,因而从内心发出深深的哀叹。张玉谷说:“末日‘南登’‘回首’,兜应首段。‘伤心’‘下泉’,缴醒中段,收束完密,全篇振动。”(《古诗赏析》卷九)方东树也说:“‘南登霸陵岸’二句,思治,以下转换振起,沉痛悲凉,寄哀终古。”(《昭昧詹言》卷二)都指出了此诗结尾的艺术效果。

  这首诗写得悲凉沉痛,真切动人,是建安诗歌中的名作。方东树评为“冠古独步”,不是没有道理的。

王粲简介

唐代·王粲的简介


Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 133

Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134
王粲


Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 139
王粲(177-217),字仲宣,山阳郡高平(今山东微山)人。东汉末年著名文学家,“建安七子”之一,由于其文才出众,被称为“七子之冠冕”。初仕刘表,后归曹操。