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《赋得蝉》鉴赏_褚沄作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库
首页 > 诗文 > 赋得蝉 > 鉴赏

《赋得蝉》鉴赏

原文

避雀乔枝里,飞空华殿曲。

天寒响屡嘶,日暮声愈促。

繁吟如故尽,长韵还相续。

饮露非表清,轻身易知足。

赏析

  这是一首咏物诗,咏物诗均有象征的意思,因为语言文字本身就是“近取诸身,远取诸物”的隐喻系统。隐喻的基础即人与自然的基本相似性。诗人总是不厌其烦地幻想我是树,是蝉,是鸟,是云等等,企图通过忘我、脱我、化我而与世界合一。隐喻建立在双重或多重存在之上,诗人喻自己为蝉,就是把另一种经历或活动,即把蝉的生存过程与特性加在真实的生活领域中,意味着真实中的虚幻,虚幻中的真实。像蝉一般象征廉洁、清高、悲哀。古人以为蝉栖高树,声高远,以晨露为食,蝉也就成了“清高”、“廉洁”的代名词。蝉一生十分短促,深秋天寒,蝉声哀嘶,逐渐死去,故而总被用来表达悲秋情绪。

  刘勰说过一句言简意赅的话:“比类虽繁,以切至为贵。”隐喻虽多种多样,但要以贴切吻合为最高标准。“切至”就是形神兼备,形犹不似,遑论神似?在《赋得蝉》中,诗人将自然之物——蝉人格化,以此审视自身的人格价值和生存环境。对于这首诗,一般理解过程大致是,前两句直接描写蝉为了躲避黄雀的伤害(隐含螳螂捕蝉黄雀在后的典故),或藏身在高高的树枝上,或避匿在空空的宫殿内。这里实写了蝉艰难的生存状况。颔联和颈联写蝉在寒秋日暮之时,哀嘶悲鸣,声音短促,间或有单调的余韵绕耳,渲染了一种悲凉的氛围。最后两句借蝉之口直接抒写:蝉餐风饮露,无所厚求,并不是故作清高,而是容易知道满足,表达了一种知足常乐的意思。

  然而,这只是构成了这首诗的表层含义,因为“饮露非表清,轻身易知足”中已经蕴含了知足常乐的意思。解读一首诗,肯定要注重其语境,什么是语境呢?用燕卜荪的话说,即“语境就是与我们诠释某个词语有关的一切事情。”文本中字或词意义的确定都要依赖于词句之间的关系,所以,一首诗句中意义的确定必然受到其它字词句的语境限制,即一首诗中每一个词、语句的意义都要彼此相互确定,这种相互确定的过程就使得文本的语义之间呈现网状化的现象,使文本的意义缠绕含混,蕴藉多义,仅凭读者从头到尾一次阅读,是不可能意识到其错综复杂的意义丛的。

  认真阅读,全诗处处写蝉,实际是处处写自己,让人有一种悲哀之感。那么,我们又是怎样获得这样的深层意义和感受的呢?只要回到首联去感知,就会发现“避雀乔枝里,飞空华殿曲”很难解释,也就是说,很难和知足常乐联系起来。而知足常乐也很难和中间两联的“天寒”、“响屡嘶”、“日暮”、“声愈促”等联系起来。所以,后三联对蝉原本的意义和声音的描述,在首联大背景暗示下,发生了变化,产生了言外之意,变成了诗人对自己生存境况的深深的忧虑。中间两联写蝉声,不仅仅渲染了一种悲凉的氛围,而且还寄寓了对生命流逝的伤感以及对自己处境艰难的悲哀之情。尾联诗人以蝉自喻,蝉栖高树,饮晨露,不是为了故意显示自己的清雅高洁;自己为官清廉,也非故意显示与众不同,而是自己知道知足常乐;但“知足”这个词语来自于《老子》,“祸莫大于不知足”,由于有了首联实写的提示,可见诗人在“知足”背后潜藏着一种悲哀,在悲哀中还杂糅着一种畏祸的心态,隐含的意思是知足为避祸全身。这首诗的意义就是这样相互生成的。

褚沄简介

唐代·褚沄的简介


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褚沄,字士洋,褚炫子,河南阳翟人。仕梁为曲阿令。历晋安王中录事,正员郎,乌程令。兄游亡,弃县还,为太尉属,延陵令,中书侍郎,太子率更令,御史中丞,湘东王府谘议参军。卒。