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《落日怅望》鉴赏_马戴作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库
首页 > 诗文 > 落日怅望 > 鉴赏

《落日怅望》鉴赏

原文

孤云与归鸟,千里片时间。

念我何留滞,辞家久未还。

微阳下乔木,远烧入秋山。

临水不敢照,恐惊平昔颜!

赏析

  沈德潜评此诗云:“意格俱好,在晚唐中可云轩鹤立鸡群矣。”(《唐诗别裁》)这里所说的“意”,是指诗的思想感情,全诗以乡愁为主题,曲折地表现了诗人的坎坷不遇,而不显得衰飒;所谓“格”,主要地是指谋篇布局方面的艺术技巧。这首诗在艺术上最突出的特色,可以说就是:情景分写。情与景,是抒情诗的主要内涵;情景交融,是许多优秀诗作的重要艺术手段。然而此诗用情景分写之法,却又是另外一番景象。

  开头二句写诗人在黄昏日落之时,满怀惆怅地遥望乡关,首先跃入眼帘的是仰视所见的景物:“孤云与归鸟,千里片时间。”晚云孤飞于天际,归鸟投宿于林间,凭着它们有形和无形的羽翼,虽有千里之远也片时可达。诗以“千里”与“片时”作强烈比照,写出云、鸟的自由无碍和飞行之速;但是,这绝不是纯客观的景物描写,而是诗人“怅望”所见,而且这种景物又是触发诗人情思的契机和媒介:“念我何留滞,辞家久未还。”原来,诗人久客异地,他的乡关之思早已深深地郁积在胸中了。因此,颔联由外界景物的描绘自然地转入内心情感的直接抒发,不言惆怅而满纸生愁,不言归心似箭而实际上早已望穿秋水。

  前面写情之后,颈联又变换笔墨写景,景物描写不但切合诗人眼前的情境,而且由近到远,层次分明。夕阳从近处的树梢往下沉落,它的余晖返照秋山,一片火红,像野火在远远的秋山上燃烧,渐渐地隐没在山的后面。“入”字写出夕照的逐渐暗淡,也表明了诗人伫望之久,忆念之殷。不仅如此,这种夕阳西下余晖返照之景,不但加重了诗人的乡愁,而且更深一层地触发了诗人内心深处感时伤逝的情绪。客中久滞,渐老岁华;日暮登临,益添愁思,徘徊水边,不敢临流照影,恐怕照见自己颜貌非复平昔而心惊。其实诗人何尝不知自己容颜渐老,其所以“临水不敢照”者,怕一见一生悲,又增怅闷耳。“临水不敢照,恐惊平昔颜!”尾联充溢着一种惆怅落寞的心绪,以此收束,留下了袅袅余音。

  情景分写确是此诗谋篇布局上的一个特点。这种写法,对于这首诗来说,有特殊的艺术效果。细细玩味,可以发现此诗是颇见匠心的。全篇是写“落日怅望”之情,二句景二句情相间写来,诗情就被分成两步递进:先是落日前云去鸟飞的景象勾起乡“念”,继而是夕阳下山回光返照的情景唤起迟暮之“惊”,显示出情绪的发展、深化。若不管格律,诗句稍颠倒次序可作:“孤云与归鸟,千里片时间。微阳下乔木,远烧入秋山。念我何留滞,辞家久未还。临水不敢照,恐惊平昔颜。”如此前半景后半情,也是通常写法,但显得稍平,没有上述那种层层递进、曲达其意的好处。而“宿鸟归飞急”引起归心似箭,紧接“辞家久未还”云云,既很自然,而又有速(千里片时)与迟(久留滞)对比,所以是“起得超脱,接得浑劲”(见《瀛奎律髓》纪批)。如改成前半景后半情格局(如上述),则又失去这层好处。

  炼字潜词形象传神,“孤云”“归鸟”“微阳”“秋山”营造了秋日傍晚的萧瑟与清冷,寄托着作者的伤感之情。“烧”字的使用,是静中有动;“远”字又写出了意境的空阔,增强了对孤寂之情的表现。

  李重华《贞一斋诗说》指出:“诗有情有景,且以律诗浅言之,四句两联,必须情景互换,方不复沓。”他所说的“情景互换”,就是“情景分写”。当然,这种分写绝不是分割,而是彼此独立而又互相映衬,共同构成诗的永不凋敝的美。马戴这一首望乡之曲就是这样,它的乐音越过一千多年的历史长河遥遥传来,至今仍然能挑响读者心中的弦索。

马戴简介

唐代·马戴的简介


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马戴


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马戴(799—869),字虞臣,唐定州曲阳(今江苏省东海县)人。晚唐时期著名诗人。