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《西塞山怀古》鉴赏_刘禹锡作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库

《西塞山怀古》鉴赏

原文

王濬楼船下益州,金陵王气黯然收。

千寻铁锁沉江底,一片降幡出石头。

人世几回伤往事,山形依旧枕寒流。

今逢四海为家日,故垒萧萧芦荻秋。

赏析

  西塞山,在今湖北省黄石市东面的长江边上。岚横秋塞,山锁洪流,形势险峻。是六朝有名的军事要塞。公元280年(西晋太康元年),晋武帝司马炎命王濬率领以高大的战船“楼船”组成的西晋水军,顺江而下,讨伐东吴。诗人便以这件史事为题,开头写“楼船下益州”,“金陵王气”便黯然消失。益州金陵,相距遥遥,一“下”即“收”,表明速度之快。两字对举就渲染出一方是势如破竹,一方则是闻风丧胆,强弱悬殊,高下立判。第二联便顺势而下,直写战事及其结果。东吴的亡国之君孙皓,凭借长江天险,并在江中暗置铁锥,再加以千寻铁链横锁江面,自以为是万全之计,谁知王濬用大筏数十,冲走铁锥,以火炬烧毁铁链,结果顺流鼓棹,径造三山,直取金陵。“皓乃备亡国之礼,……造于垒门”(《晋书·王濬传》)。第二联就是形象地概括了这一段历史。

  诗的前四句,洗炼、紧凑,在对比之中写出了双方的强弱,进攻的路线,攻守的方式,战争的结局。它只用第一句诗写西晋水军出发,下面就单写东吴:在战争开始的反映,苦心经营的工事被毁,直到举旗投降,步步紧逼,一气直下。人们不仅看到了失败者的形象,也看到了胜利者的那种摧枯拉朽的气势。可谓虚实相间,胜败相形,巧于安排。

  诗人在剪裁上颇具功力。他从众多的史事中单选西晋灭吴一事,这是耐人寻味的,因为东吴是六朝的头,它又有颇为“新颖”的防御工事,竟然覆灭了。照理后人应引以为鉴,其实不然。所以写吴的灭亡,不仅揭示了当时吴王的昏聩无能,更表现了那些后来者的愚蠢,也反映了国家的统一是历史的必然。其次,诗人写晋吴之战,重点是写吴,而写吴又着重点出那种虚妄的精神支柱“王气”、天然的地形、千寻的铁链,皆不足恃。这就从反面阐发了一个深刻的思想,那就是“兴废由人事,山川空地形”(刘禹锡《金陵怀古》)。可见如此剪裁,就在于它能完满地表现其主题思想。

  清代屈复认为此诗第五句甚妙。不过应该指出,若是没有前四句丰富的内容和深刻的思想,第五句是难以收到如此言简意赅的效果。第六句“山形依旧枕寒流”,山形,指西塞山;寒流,指长江,“寒”字和结句的“秋”字相照应。诗到这里才点到西塞山,但是前面所写并没有离题。因为西塞山之所以成为有名的军事要塞,之所以在它的身边演出过那些有声有色载入史册的“活剧”,就是以南北分裂、南朝政权存在为条件的。因此前面放眼六朝的兴亡,正是为了从一个广阔的历史背景中引出西塞山,从而大大开拓了诗的境界。诗人不去描绘眼前西塞山如何奇伟竦峭,而是突出“依旧”二字,亦是颇有讲究的。山川“依旧”,就更显得人事之变化,六朝之短促,不仅如此,它还表现出一个“江山不管兴亡恨,一任斜阳伴客愁”(包佶《再过金陵》)的意境。这些又从另一个角度对上一句的“伤”字作了补充。

  第七句宕开一笔,直写“今逢”之世,第八句说往日的军事堡垒,如今已荒废在一片秋风芦荻之中。这残破荒凉的遗迹,便是六朝覆灭的见证,便是分裂失败的象征,也是“今逢四海为家日”、江山一统的结果。怀古慨今,收束了全诗。全诗借古讽今,沉郁感伤,但繁简得当,直点现实。

  刘禹锡的这首诗,寓深刻的思想于纵横开阖、酣畅流利的风调之中,诗人好像是在客观地叙述往事,描绘古迹,其实并非如此,刘禹锡在这首诗中,把嘲弄的锋芒指向在历史上曾经占据一方、但终于覆灭的统治者,这正是对重新抬头的割据势力的迎头一击。当然,“万户千门成野草,只缘一曲《后庭花》”(刘禹锡《金陵五题·台城》),这个六朝覆灭的教训,对于当时骄侈腐败的唐王朝来说,也是一面很好的镜子。

刘禹锡简介

唐代·刘禹锡的简介


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刘禹锡


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刘禹锡(772-842),字梦得,汉族,中国唐朝彭城(今徐州)人,祖籍洛阳,唐朝文学家,哲学家,自称是汉中山靖王后裔,曾任监察御史,是王叔文政治改革集团的一员。唐代中晚期著名诗人,有“诗豪”之称。他的家庭是一个世代以儒学相传的书香门第。政治上主张革新,是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。后来永贞革新失败被贬为朗州司马(今湖南常德)。据湖南常德历史学家、收藏家周新国先生考证刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马其间写了著名的“汉寿城春望”。