和王介甫明妃曲二首
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宋代]：欧阳修
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胡人以鞍马为家，射猎为俗。
泉甘草美无常处，鸟惊兽骇争驰逐。
谁将汉女嫁胡儿，风沙无情貌如玉。
身行不遇中国人，马上自作思归曲。
推手为琵却手琶，胡人共听亦咨嗟。
玉颜流落死天涯，琵琶却传来汉家。
汉宫争按新声谱，遗恨已深声更苦。
纤纤女手生洞房，学得琵琶不下堂。
不识黄云出塞路，岂知此声能断肠！
汉宫有佳人，天子初未识，
一朝随汉使，远嫁单于国。
绝色天下无，一失难再得，
虽能杀画工，于事竟何益？
耳目所及尚如此，万里安能制夷狄！
汉计诚已拙，女色难自夸。
明妃去时泪，洒向枝上花。
狂风日暮起，飘泊落谁家。
红颜胜人多薄命，莫怨东风当自嗟。
和王介甫明妃曲二首译文及注释
译文
北方少数民族以鞍马为家，以打猎为生。
泉水甘甜，野草丰美没有固定的地点，鸟儿受惊，野兽互相追逐。
是谁将汉人女子嫁给胡人，风沙是无情的，而女子容貌如此美丽。
出门都很难看到中原人，只能在马背上暗自思念故乡。
在琵琶声中，胡人也会感到叹息。
如此美丽的女子流落异地，死在他乡，而琵琶曲却传到了汉宫里。
汉宫里争着弹昭君所弹的琵琶曲，心中的怨恨却不知道从何说起。
细小的手生在闺房之中，只能学弹琵琶，不会走出闺房。
不知道沙漠中的云是这么飘出边塞的，哪里知道这琵琶声是多么的令人断肠！
汉宫里有一位美貌佳丽，最初天子并不认识。
突然间要随着汉使离去，嫁给匈奴国君，要去遥远的边地。
姣美的容颜天下无比，一旦失去，要再得到可不容易。
虽然天子发怒可以把画工杀死，对于事情又有什么补益？
眼前的美丑尚且不能分辨，怎么能制服万里之外的夷狄！
汉代的“和亲”实在是笨拙之计，女子不要再用容貌炫耀自己。
明妃离去时伤心落泪，伤心的泪水哟，洒向花枝。
日暮黄昏狂风吹起，风起花落啊，飘向哪里？
漂亮的女孩大多有不幸的命运，不必怨天尤人，原应自己叹息！
注释
王介甫：王安石，字介甫。这组诗是为唱和王安石《明妃曲二首》而作。
明妃：即王嫱，字昭君。晋时因避司马昭讳，改称明君。
胡人：古代对北方少数民族的称呼。
中国：指中原地区。
咨嗟（zī jiē）：叹息。
新声谱：新曲谱，指昭君所弹的琵琶曲。
纤纤（xiān）：细小貌。
洞房：犹深闺。
黄云：沙漠上空的云，因黄沙弥漫，连云色也变黄了。
单于国：指匈奴。单于，匈奴的首领。
画工：传说汉元帝后宫既多，不得常见，乃使画工图形，案图召幸之。诸宫人皆赂画工，独王嫱不肯，遂不得见。后匈奴入朝，求美人为阏氏，上案图以昭君行。及去召见，貌为后宫第一。帝悔之，而名籍已定。乃穷案其事，画工毛延寿等皆同日弃市。见晋葛洪《西京杂记》。
夷狄（yí dí）：古称东方部族为夷，北方部族为狄。这里泛指华夏以外的各民族。
参考资料：
1、赵山林，潘裕民编著．桃李春风一杯酒 宋诗经典解读：上海百家出版社，2009.10：48
2、陶文鹏主编．历史爱国诗歌选译：北京工业大学出版社，1995年02月：269-270
和王介甫明妃曲二首创作背景
自汉代以来， 王昭君的故事一直是诗人们乐于吟诵的题材，但在主题上大多不出“悲怨”二字。嘉祐四年（1059）王安石（字介甫）作《明妃曲二首》，议论新警，一时和者甚众。欧阳修也作两首以和。
参考资料：
1、吴孟复 等 ．宋诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1987 ：131-134 ．
和王介甫明妃曲二首鉴赏
这组诗第一首头四句，破空而来，用类似散文的诗语，写胡人游猎生活，晴示胡、汉之异。接着以“谁将汉女嫁胡儿”，接到明妃身上。写明妃以“汉女嫁胡儿”，以“如玉”之颜面，冒“无情”之“风沙”，而且“身行”之处，连“中国（指中原）人”也看不到，明示明妃“流落”之苦。接下用“推手为琵却手琶”，紧承“马上自作思归曲”。“推手”“却手”，犹言一推一放。“琵琶”本是象声词，如同现代说的“噼啪”，以乐器之声为乐器之名。一推一放，噼噼啪啪，刻画明妃满腔哀思，信手成曲。但琵琶哀音，却十分感人，连胡人听了“亦咨磋”不已。这种写法与王安石“沙上行人却回首”相同。以上三层，由胡、汉习俗之异，写到明妃流落之苦，再写到明妃思归作曲，谱入琵琶，层次井然，而重点在于这一琵琶“新声谱”。因为作者正是要就此抒发慨叹的。
“玉颜”句承上；“琵琶”句启下。脉络十分清晰，而笔势极为矫建。作者所要讲的就是琵琶“传入汉家”以后的反应。明妃的“思乡曲”，本应引起“汉家”的悲悯、同情与愤慨；然而“汉宫”中却将其视为“新声谱”来“争按”，以别人的苦楚，供自己享乐。“遗恨”、“苦声”并没有激起应有的反响。
“上有好者，下必有甚焉”，汉宫中“纤纤女手”“学得琵琶不下堂”，正是因为统治者喜好这种“新声”的缘故；而喜好这种“新声”，正是因为他们“生于深宫之中”，根本不知道边塞之苦。这里讲的就不止“纤纤女手”了。自石晋割弃燕云十六州，北边广大地区在北宋一直没有恢复，有许许多多“流落死天涯”的百姓。仁宗时，辽国、西夏交替侵扰，而宋朝君臣却仍粉饰大平，宴安如故。“不识黄云出塞路，岂知此声能断肠？”这正是作者对居安忘危、不事振作的宋朝君臣的揭露与谴责。以前写明妃的人，或写明妃个人遭遇，或借以抒发“士不遇”的感慨，欧阳修却从夷夏之辨讲起，从国家大事着眼，这是他高于前人之处。而且，议论国事，却只就琵琶“新声”而言，能从小中见大，因而较《和王介甫明妃曲》后篇的“在诗中发议论”，艺术性更强。
第二首诗中“汉宫”四句化用西汉李延年诗歌之意，略叙明妃事实，笔力简劲。“绝色”两句，紧承前四句，妙在完全用“重色”的君王的口吻说话；“虽能”两句转向责备汉元帝，就事论事，语挟风霜。但这只是为下边两句作铺垫。
“耳目”两句，为全篇警策，宋人说它“切中膏肓”（《诗林广记》引钱晋斋语），得以广泛传诵。诗人说，眼前的美丑尚不能辨，万里之外的“夷狄”情况何以判断？又何以能制定制服“夷狄”之策呢？这是极深刻的历史见解，而又以诗语出之，千古罕见。事实却不是“制夷狄”而是为“夷狄”所“制”。因而自然引出“汉计诚已拙”这一判语。
“汉计诚已拙”语简意深，是全诗主旨所在。汉代的“和亲”与宋代的“岁币”，同是乞求和平，为计之拙，正复相同。诗中表面上是说汉朝，实际上是说宋朝。妙在一经点出，便立即转入“女色难自夸”，以接回明妃身上，否则就成了《和亲论》而不是《明妃曲》。
“明妃去时泪”四句，用泪洒花枝，风起花落，渲染悲剧气氛，形象生动，但主要用以引起“红颜”两句。这两句要明妃“自嗟”“薄命”，怨而不怒。欧阳修对王安石诗中讲的“人生失意无南北”、“汉恩自浅胡自深”等语，也像王回等人一样，有所误解，故下此两句，以使之符合于“温柔敦厚”的“诗教”。欧阳修、王安石的思想境界之差别，亦于此可见。但解释时也不能太坐实，像钱晋斋说是“末言非元帝之不知幸于明妃，乃明妃之命薄而不见幸于元帝”，则与篇首“天子初未识”，“耳目所及尚如此”相矛盾，有失于诗人“微而婉”之旨。
前一首写“汉宫”不知边塞苦，后一首写和亲政策之“计拙”，借汉言宋，有强烈的现实意义。其间叙事、抒情、议论杂出，转折跌宕，而自然流畅，形象鲜明，虽以文为诗而不失诗味。叶梦得说欧阳修“矫昆体，以气格为主”（《石林诗话》），这首诗正是以气格擅美的。
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欧阳修《
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和王介甫明妃曲二首 / 明妃曲和》
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吴文英《
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高山流水·素弦一一起秋风》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。
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游石桥遇隐者
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宋代：
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赵鼎臣
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巨石引飞梁，奔泉泻纤缟。行攀石上藤，坐听林间鸟。
兹游既物外，此地即天表。旷然脱尘嚣，率尔慕轻矫。
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秋夜望月 其一
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两汉：
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佚名
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皎皎山头月欲低，月厌羁愁睡转迷。忽觉泪流痕尚在，不知梦里向谁啼。
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题睡凫 其一
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明代：
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童冀
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夜月沙如雪，春江水似天。烟波幽梦远，不到凤池边。
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摘星岭
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宋代：
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洪适
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披山凿道何崄巇，上摘星汉摩虹霓。七襄终日往曾问，一握去天今可跻。
叱驭已排萝蔓去，下车不复烟云迷。举头此际长安远，愿借六翮凌丹梯。
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咏怀古迹五首 其四 桂阳
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明代：
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陈子升
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广郡延袤古桂阳，郡人不省是维桑。换盐忽漫逢宾客，食藕因思制楚裳。
天下几州真刺史，我来一度旧刘郎。而今不作看花恨，消息王孙草尽芳。