Deprecated: Function get_magic_quotes_gpc() is deprecated in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 6

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 123

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstempid - assumed 'newstempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 127

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant tempid - assumed 'tempid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 411

Warning: Use of undefined constant temptext - assumed 'temptext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 137

Warning: Use of undefined constant showdate - assumed 'showdate' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 138

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 140

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 141

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2178

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2179

Warning: Use of undefined constant featherclass - assumed 'featherclass' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2180

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2190

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2193

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2194

Warning: Use of undefined constant navfh - assumed 'navfh' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2203

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 142

Warning: Use of undefined constant checkdorepstr - assumed 'checkdorepstr' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 368

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 228

Warning: Use of undefined constant dokey - assumed 'dokey' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 234

Warning: Use of undefined constant newstext - assumed 'newstext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 236

Warning: Use of undefined constant repkeynum - assumed 'repkeynum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyurl - assumed 'keyurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyname - assumed 'keyname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/functions.php on line 560

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 298

Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 320

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 321

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant classname - assumed 'classname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 322

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 323

Warning: Use of undefined constant ttid - assumed 'ttid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 324

Warning: Use of undefined constant onclick - assumed 'onclick' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 326

Warning: Use of undefined constant userfen - assumed 'userfen' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 327

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 328

Warning: Use of undefined constant ismember - assumed 'ismember' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 330

Warning: Use of undefined constant username - assumed 'username' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 336

Warning: Use of undefined constant userid - assumed 'userid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 338

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 340

Warning: Use of undefined constant plnum - assumed 'plnum' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 341

Warning: Use of undefined constant totaldown - assumed 'totaldown' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 342

Warning: Use of undefined constant keyboard - assumed 'keyboard' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/action/shang.php on line 343

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434

Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442

Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445

Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
《和王介甫明妃曲二首》鉴赏_欧阳修作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php</b> on line <b>17</b><br /> 翰韵典库

《和王介甫明妃曲二首》鉴赏

原文

胡人以鞍马为家,射猎为俗。

泉甘草美无常处,鸟惊兽骇争驰逐。

谁将汉女嫁胡儿,风沙无情貌如玉。

身行不遇中国人,马上自作思归曲。

推手为琵却手琶,胡人共听亦咨嗟。

玉颜流落死天涯,琵琶却传来汉家。

汉宫争按新声谱,遗恨已深声更苦。

纤纤女手生洞房,学得琵琶不下堂。

不识黄云出塞路,岂知此声能断肠!

汉宫有佳人,天子初未识,

一朝随汉使,远嫁单于国。

绝色天下无,一失难再得,

虽能杀画工,于事竟何益?

耳目所及尚如此,万里安能制夷狄!

汉计诚已拙,女色难自夸。

明妃去时泪,洒向枝上花。

狂风日暮起,飘泊落谁家。

红颜胜人多薄命,莫怨东风当自嗟。

赏析

  这组诗第一首头四句,破空而来,用类似散文的诗语,写胡人游猎生活,晴示胡、汉之异。接着以“谁将汉女嫁胡儿”,接到明妃身上。写明妃以“汉女嫁胡儿”,以“如玉”之颜面,冒“无情”之“风沙”,而且“身行”之处,连“中国(指中原)人”也看不到,明示明妃“流落”之苦。接下用“推手为琵却手琶”,紧承“马上自作思归曲”。“推手”“却手”,犹言一推一放。“琵琶”本是象声词,如同现代说的“噼啪”,以乐器之声为乐器之名。一推一放,噼噼啪啪,刻画明妃满腔哀思,信手成曲。但琵琶哀音,却十分感人,连胡人听了“亦咨磋”不已。这种写法与王安石“沙上行人却回首”相同。以上三层,由胡、汉习俗之异,写到明妃流落之苦,再写到明妃思归作曲,谱入琵琶,层次井然,而重点在于这一琵琶“新声谱”。因为作者正是要就此抒发慨叹的。

  “玉颜”句承上;“琵琶”句启下。脉络十分清晰,而笔势极为矫建。作者所要讲的就是琵琶“传入汉家”以后的反应。明妃的“思乡曲”,本应引起“汉家”的悲悯、同情与愤慨;然而“汉宫”中却将其视为“新声谱”来“争按”,以别人的苦楚,供自己享乐。“遗恨”、“苦声”并没有激起应有的反响。

  “上有好者,下必有甚焉”,汉宫中“纤纤女手”“学得琵琶不下堂”,正是因为统治者喜好这种“新声”的缘故;而喜好这种“新声”,正是因为他们“生于深宫之中”,根本不知道边塞之苦。这里讲的就不止“纤纤女手”了。自石晋割弃燕云十六州,北边广大地区在北宋一直没有恢复,有许许多多“流落死天涯”的百姓。仁宗时,辽国、西夏交替侵扰,而宋朝君臣却仍粉饰大平,宴安如故。“不识黄云出塞路,岂知此声能断肠?”这正是作者对居安忘危、不事振作的宋朝君臣的揭露与谴责。以前写明妃的人,或写明妃个人遭遇,或借以抒发“士不遇”的感慨,欧阳修却从夷夏之辨讲起,从国家大事着眼,这是他高于前人之处。而且,议论国事,却只就琵琶“新声”而言,能从小中见大,因而较《和王介甫明妃曲》后篇的“在诗中发议论”,艺术性更强。

  第二首诗中“汉宫”四句化用西汉李延年诗歌之意,略叙明妃事实,笔力简劲。“绝色”两句,紧承前四句,妙在完全用“重色”的君王的口吻说话;“虽能”两句转向责备汉元帝,就事论事,语挟风霜。但这只是为下边两句作铺垫。

  “耳目”两句,为全篇警策,宋人说它“切中膏肓”(《诗林广记》引钱晋斋语),得以广泛传诵。诗人说,眼前的美丑尚不能辨,万里之外的“夷狄”情况何以判断?又何以能制定制服“夷狄”之策呢?这是极深刻的历史见解,而又以诗语出之,千古罕见。事实却不是“制夷狄”而是为“夷狄”所“制”。因而自然引出“汉计诚已拙”这一判语。

  “汉计诚已拙”语简意深,是全诗主旨所在。汉代的“和亲”与宋代的“岁币”,同是乞求和平,为计之拙,正复相同。诗中表面上是说汉朝,实际上是说宋朝。妙在一经点出,便立即转入“女色难自夸”,以接回明妃身上,否则就成了《和亲论》而不是《明妃曲》。

  “明妃去时泪”四句,用泪洒花枝,风起花落,渲染悲剧气氛,形象生动,但主要用以引起“红颜”两句。这两句要明妃“自嗟”“薄命”,怨而不怒。欧阳修对王安石诗中讲的“人生失意无南北”、“汉恩自浅胡自深”等语,也像王回等人一样,有所误解,故下此两句,以使之符合于“温柔敦厚”的“诗教”。欧阳修、王安石的思想境界之差别,亦于此可见。但解释时也不能太坐实,像钱晋斋说是“末言非元帝之不知幸于明妃,乃明妃之命薄而不见幸于元帝”,则与篇首“天子初未识”,“耳目所及尚如此”相矛盾,有失于诗人“微而婉”之旨。

  前一首写“汉宫”不知边塞苦,后一首写和亲政策之“计拙”,借汉言宋,有强烈的现实意义。其间叙事、抒情、议论杂出,转折跌宕,而自然流畅,形象鲜明,虽以文为诗而不失诗味。叶梦得说欧阳修“矫昆体,以气格为主”(《石林诗话》),这首诗正是以气格擅美的。

欧阳修简介

唐代·欧阳修的简介


Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 133

Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134

Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 134
欧阳修


Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext8.php on line 139
欧阳修(1007-1072),字永叔,号醉翁,晚号“六一居士”。汉族,吉州永丰(今江西省永丰县)人,因吉州原属庐陵郡,以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠,世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家,与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。