庚子岁五月中从都还阻风于规林·其一
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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行行循归路，计日望旧居。
一欣侍温颜，再喜见友于。
鼓棹路崎曲，指景限西隅。
江山岂不险？归子念前涂。
凯风负我心，戢楪守穷湖。
高莽眇无界，夏木独森疏。
谁言客舟远？近瞻百里余。
延目识南岭，空叹将焉如！
庚子岁五月中从都还阻风于规林·其一译文及注释
译文
归途漫漫行不止，计算日头盼家园。
将奉慈母我欣欢，还喜能见兄弟面。
摇船荡桨路艰难。眼见夕阳落西山。
江山难道不险峻？游子归心急似箭。
南风违背我心愿，收起船桨困湖边。
草丛深密望无际，夏木挺拔枝叶繁。
谁说归舟离家远？百余里地在眼前。
纵目远眺识庐山，空叹无奈行路难！
注释
计日：算计着日子，即数着天数，表示急切的心情。旧居：指老家。
一欣：首先感到欢欣的是。温颜：温和慈祥的容颜。诗人这里是指母亲。侍温颜：即侍奉母亲。
友于：代指兄弟。《尚书·君陈》：“孝乎惟孝，友于兄弟。”
鼓棹（zhào）：划船。棹：摇船的甲具。崎曲：同“崎岖”，本指地面高低不平的样子，这里用以比喻处境困难，《史记·燕召公世家）：“燕北迫蛮貉，内措齐晋，崎岖强国之间。”
指：顾。景：日光，指太阳。限西隅（yǘ）：悬在西边天际，指太阳即将落山。限：停止。隅：边远的地方。
归子：回家的人，作者自指。念：担忧。前涂：前路，指回家的路程。涂同“途”。
凯风：南风，《尔雅·释天》：“南风谓之凯风。”负我心：违背我的心愿。
戢（jí）：收藏，收敛。枻（yì）：短桨。穷：谓偏远。
高莽：高深茂密的草丛。眇：通“渺”，辽远。无界：无边。
独：特别，此处有挺拔的意思。森疏：繁茂扶疏。
瞻：望。百里余：指离家的距离。
延目：放眼远望，“南岭：指庐山。诗人的家在庐山脚下。
将：当。焉如：何往。这首诗慨叹行役之苦，思念美好的田园，因而决心辞却仕途的艰辛，趁着壮年及时归隐。
参考资料：
1、孟二冬．陶渊明集译注及研究．北京：昆仑出版社，2008：100-103
庚子岁五月中从都还阻风于规林·其一创作背景
此诗写于东晋隆安四年（400年），作者陶渊明三十六岁。作者此时在荆州刺史桓玄的幕府中任职。此前，陶渊明奉桓玄之命出使京都建康（今南京市），完成使命后，返途中路过江西，准备顺道回家省亲，然而被风阻在途中。这首诗就是写在途中受阻时的情景。
参考资料：
1、孟二冬．陶渊明集译注及研究．北京：昆仑出版社，2008：100-103
庚子岁五月中从都还阻风于规林·其一鉴赏
第一首诗总的调子是抑郁的，但前四句并不沉闷，抑郁中有欢快，泪与笑俱，起伏多变。“行行循归路，计日望旧居”。归心似箭，匆忙赶路，心里计算着到家的日子。为了表达归家的急迫心情，诗人注意了词语的选择，“行行”是重言，富有表达力，写出了诗人奔走不停的祥子；“计日望旧居”的“计”和“望”，准确而形象地反映出诗人归家途中的心理活动，诗人很想回到自己久别了的“旧居”，去看望自己的亲人，他唱道：“一欣侍温颜，再喜见友于。”在行役路上动乡关之思，盼与家人团聚，这是人之常情，陶渊明用诗的语言道出了这种人之常情，最容易引起共鸣。
“计日望旧居”的陶渊明不希望在路上停留。然而，偏偏行船遇风，被迫在穷湖停船，这当然使他苦恼。离家只有百余里，却回不去，他只好遥望南岭，对空长叹，心情是无可奈何的。诗人不仅写了这种欲归不得的苦恼，他还借叹行役的机会表示了对官场的厌倦，对仕途的忧惧，对怀才不遇的抗议。有了这些内容，就看见了诗人的心，感觉到了他跳动的脉搏。
在表现这些内容的时候，诗人没有直说，而是含蓄地表现出来，为了诗意的含蓄，诗人采用了三种手法。一种是借景抒情，借景达意，字面上是写景，字里行间却藏着诗人的寓意，“言在此而意在彼”。“鼓棹路崎曲，指景限西隅”。从字面看，这不过是诗人在叹“行路难”，在埋怨日落黄昏夜幕降临得太早；透过字面，便不难发现，诗人是在借助眼前的景物流露自己对官宦生活的厌倦情绪。他怨天恨地，没有一点欢乐的情绪。在他的眼里，江南夏日的风光也变得那么荒凉，那么可怕，没有欢乐的情绪：“高莽眇无界，夏木独扶疏”。不是风光不美，而是诗人的情绪不佳。诗人不去赞美行役途中的风光，正说明他想结束劳累的行役生活，想离开讨厌的官场。
另一种是用双关语达意。“江山岂不险，归子念前涂”。字面是说行路难，征途艰险可畏，可实际是说官场多风险，吉凶难料。当时，东晋王朝岌岌可危，孙恩在浙江领导的农民起义军逐渐逼近京师，陶渊明的上司桓玄屡次上表要求讨伐孙恩。王室腐败，义军攘起，军阀桓玄又野心勃勃，社会极具动乱，想到这些诗人不能不瞻“念前涂”。由此看来，诗人笔下的“江山”，决不仅指自然界的山川，而是指国家社稷，“前涂”也不仅仅是指征途，而且是指诗人自己在社会动乱时的仕宦前途。“江山”和“前涂”都是一语双关，值得玩味。
除了上两种，诗人还使用了隐喻的手法。“凯风负我心，戢枻守穷湖”，这两句是说风不从人愿，阻延归期。其实，诗人的命意远不止于此，他一连用了三个隐喻，来描述自己怀才不遇的处境。“凯风”是可恨的，它与诗人的心相违；凯风在这里暗指压制陶渊明的世族权贵。“戢枻”是可叹的，因为“枻”的作用在于划船，当“枻”被“戢”起来以后，就失去作用了。“穷湖”是荒凉的地方，船泊穷湖是无可奈何的事情。作者陶渊明是有才干的，然而，他只能在桓玄手下当幕僚，而且还要行役千里，致使自己无所作为。桓玄的慕府就如同“穷湖”，陶渊明发出“戢枻守穷湖”的叹息是很自然的，并非无病呻吟。
最后，诗人慨叹只有百里之远，因风受阻，不能及早返回旧居，发出了“将焉如”的叹息，但只不过是空叹而已，与前面的“归子念前涂”一句联系起来看，这几句诗真实地抒写了诗人“出仕”与“归隐”的矛盾痛苦心情。
从全诗看，首尾两部份的抒情基本上是采用直说的方法，感情真挚热烈。诗的中间部份则采用借景达意、一语双关和隐喻的方法，表现出诗人的隐衷，富有意趣。
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王粲《
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从军诗五首·其三》
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谢灵运《
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富春渚诗》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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台湾竹枝词 其三
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清代：
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谢金銮
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水仙宫外近黄昏，迤北斜看第几鲲。潮信来特沙卤白，乱星渔火簇城门。
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送李知章下第归河北
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宋代：
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晁补之
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斗鸡击剑邺王台，万古英雄死不埋。
子去悲歌宜有和，露萤白首亦常材。
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一素亭和见素韵二首 其一
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明代：
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郑岳
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千卷储书作墨庄，梦随春草到池塘。涓涓碧井分仙社，面面青峰隔女墙。
丹桂燕山多异种，金砂樵谷有遗方。接䍦倒著閒临水，照见䰐鬖发影长。