孙权劝学
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]：司马光 撰
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初，权谓吕蒙曰：“卿今当涂掌事，不可不学！”蒙辞以军中多务。权曰：“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪？但当涉猎，见往事耳。卿言多务，孰若孤？孤常读书，自以为大有所益。”蒙乃始就学。及鲁肃过寻阳，与蒙论议，大惊曰：“卿今者才略，非复吴下阿蒙！”蒙曰：“士别三日，即更刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎！”肃遂拜蒙母，结友而别。
孙权劝学译文及注释
译文
当初，孙权对吕蒙说：“你现在当权管事，不可以不学习！”吕蒙用军中事务繁多来推托。孙权说：“我难道想要你研究儒家经典，成为博士（专掌经学传授的学官）吗？我只是让你粗略地阅读，了解历史罢了。你说军务繁多，谁比得上我（事务多）呢？我经常读书，自己觉得获益很多。”吕蒙于是开始学习。当鲁肃到寻阳的时候，鲁肃和吕蒙一起谈论议事，鲁肃十分吃惊地说：“你现在的军事方面和政治方面的才能和谋略，不再是原来的那个吴县的（没有学识的）阿蒙了！”吕蒙说：“志士（君子）分别几天，就重新另眼看待了，长兄你认清事物怎么这么晚呢？”于是鲁肃拜见吕蒙的母亲，和吕蒙结为朋友后分别了。
注释
初：当初，起初，这里是追述往事的习惯用词。
权：指孙权，字仲谋，吴郡富春（浙江富阳）人，黄龙元年（公元222年）称王于武昌（今湖北鄂城），国号吴，不久迁都建业，（今江苏南京）。229年称帝。
谓……曰：谓，告诉；连用表示“对……说”。
吕蒙：字子明，三国时吴国名将，汝南富陂（今安徽省阜南县东南）人。
卿：古代君对臣或朋友之间的爱称。
今：当今。
当涂：当道，当权。
掌事：掌管政事。
辞：推托。
以：介词，用。
务：事务。
孤：古时王侯的自称。
岂：难道。
治经：研究儒家经典。治，研究。“经”指《诗经》《尚书》《礼记》《周易》《春秋》等书。
博士：当时专掌经学传授的学官。
邪（yé）：通“耶”，语气词，表示反问或疑问的语气。
但：只，仅。
当：应当。
涉猎：粗略地阅读。
见往事：了解历史。见，了解；往事，指历史。
耳：语气词，表示限制语气，罢了。
多务：事务多，杂事多。务，事务。
孰若：与……相比如何；谁像（我）。孰：谁，哪个；若：比得上。
益：好处。
乃：于是，就。
始：开始。
就学：指从事学习。就，单独翻译为 从事。
及：到了……的时候。
过：到。
寻阳： 县名，在湖北黄梅西南。
论议：讨论议事。
大：非常，十分。
惊：惊奇。
者：用在时间词后面，不译。
才略：军事方面或政治方面的才干和谋略。
非复：不再是。复：再，又。
吴下阿蒙：指在吴下时的没有才学的吕蒙。吴下，指吴县，如今江苏苏州。阿蒙，指吕蒙，名字前加"阿"，有亲昵的意味。现指才识尚浅的人。
士别三日：与读书的人分别几天。三：几天，这里指“几”。士，读书人。
即：就。
更（gēng）：重新。
刮目相待：另眼相看，用新的眼光看待。 刮目：擦擦眼。待：看待。
大兄：长兄，这里是对同辈年长者的尊称。
何：为什么。
见事：认清事物。见，认清，识别。
乎：啊。表感叹或反问语气。
遂：于是，就。
拜：拜见。
别：离开。
参考资料：
1、陈寿．三国志·吴书·吕蒙传：中华书局，2007年4月
2、王力等．古汉语常用字字典：商务印书馆，2005年7月
3、陈寿．三国志·吴书·吴主传：中华书局，2007年4月
4、中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室．现代汉语词典：商务印书馆，2012年第六版
5、司马光．柏杨白话版资治通鉴：中南出版传媒集团，湖南人民出版社，2011年4月1日
孙权劝学创作背景
三国时期，孙权大将周瑜和刘备在赤壁之战中大破曹操军队，不久周瑜病死了。鲁肃代替周瑜成为孙权的谋佐，然而刘备很快取得了益州，形成魏、蜀、吴三方鼎峙的局面。为了加强国力，孙权劝吕蒙多学习。“孙权劝学”的故事就发生了。
参考资料：
1、罗贯中．三国演义：中华书局，2006年9月1日
孙权劝学鉴赏
该文是根据先前的史书改写的。因先前的史书已有较详细的记载，而又无新的史料可以补充，所以文章是根据从略的原则对先前史书的有关记载进行改写的。文章篇幅小，仅119字，虽极简略但剪裁精当，不仅保留了原文的精华和故事的完整性，而且以更精练的文笔突出了人物的风采，是一篇成功的改写之作。
该文以对话为主，其他内容均简说或不说。如对吕蒙的学习情况，仅以“蒙乃始就学”一句加以概括，至于他读了哪些书，又如何用功则只字未提。后文中吕蒙二人的谈话，只用一句“与蒙论议”来交代，两人谈论的是什么话题，吕蒙的哪些见解让鲁肃起敬的都略去不写。详略的安排极其精当。除对话外的其他语言也非常简省而意赅。情节发展上，孙权的刻意劝学终使吕蒙就学，他就学后的渊博学识又使鲁肃惊叹，吕蒙又紧承其叹发出“士别三日，即更刮目相待”的自信之语，上下文衔接自然，前因后果，井然有序。
该文写的是吕蒙在孙权劝说下“乃始就学”。孙权劝学，先向吕蒙指出“学”的必要性，即因其“当涂掌事”的重要身份而“不可不学”；继而现身说法，指出“学”的可能性。使吕蒙无可推辞、“乃始就学”。从孙权的话中，既可以看出他的善劝，又可以感到他对吕蒙的亲近、关心和期望，而又不失人主的身份。“卿今者才略，非复吴下阿蒙”，是情不自禁的赞叹，可见鲁肃十分惊奇的神态，以他眼中吕蒙变化之大竟然判若两人，表现吕蒙因“学”而使才略有了令人难以置信的惊人长进。需要指出的是，鲁肃不仅地位高于吕蒙，而且很有学识，由他说出这番话，更可表明吕蒙的长进确实非同一般。“士别三日，即更刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎？”是吕蒙对鲁肃赞叹的巧妙接应。从吕蒙的答话中可见吕蒙颇为自得的神态，吕蒙以当之无愧的坦然态度，表明自己才略长进之快之大。孙权的话是认真相劝，鲁肃、吕蒙的话则有调侃的意味，二者的情调是不同的。其才略很快就有惊人的长进而令鲁肃叹服并与之“结友”的故事，说明了人只要肯学习就会有长进，突出了学习重要性。
读书使吕蒙的言谈大有智慧，所以鲁肃的语气重在惊叹：“卿今者才略，非复吴下阿蒙!”吕蒙也仅说了一句话：“士别三日，即更刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎!”话中既有对鲁肃大惊小怪的不以为然，更有一种书中多阅历，胸中有丘壑的自信，令人油然而生一种敬羡之情。吕蒙读书的功效是通过鲁肃的与吕蒙的对话从侧面展现出来的，他的惊叹衬托出了吕蒙今非昔比的事实。而话中的“吴下阿蒙”又将吕蒙的过去与现在进行了一个纵向的对比，得出了“变”的结论，而吕蒙之“变”的核心正是“才略”的猛增。
吕蒙的谦虚好学，鲁肃的英雄惜英雄，三位一体，足显作者的文笔功架之深厚。
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佚名《
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论语十二章》
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佚名《
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孝丐》
司马光 撰简介
唐代·司马光 撰的简介
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何处丹青妙入神，笔端拗出桃源春。黄云碧嶂閒春色，应有知机人避秦。
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履癸昆吾祸莫移，应天重造帝王基。
子孙何事为炮烙，不念嘻吁祝网时。
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机不可触，病不可医。说黄道黑，引蔓牵枝。要见众生不病时。
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潮州五首 其三 访叩齿庵
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：
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傅义
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未闻叩齿未知禅，异代无从问大颠。欲乞灵光医俗骨，馨香满抱是轻烟。
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城东行事去李简夫甚迩可以卜见而俱有往返之禁因戏为歌驰寄
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宋代：
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彭汝砺
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故人咫尺水东头，我欲见之心悠悠。有足欲往不自由，形骸静对莺花留。
我思肥陵昔之游，云雾密锁城上楼。把酒待月生海陬，月到行午醉未休。