有子之言似夫子
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两汉]：佚名
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有子问于曾子曰：“问丧于夫子乎？”曰：“闻之矣：‘丧欲速贫，死欲速朽’。”有子曰：“是非君子之言也。”曾子曰：“参也闻诸夫子也。”有子又曰：“是非君子之言也。”曾子曰：“参也与子游闻之。”有子曰：“然。然则夫子有为言之也。”
曾子以斯言告于子游。子游曰：“甚哉，有子之言似夫子也！昔者，夫子居于宋，见桓司马自为石椁，三年而不成。夫子曰：‘若是其靡也，死不如速朽之愈也。’‘死之欲速朽’，为桓司马言之也。南宫敬叔反，必载宝而朝。夫子曰：‘若是其货也，丧不如速贫之愈也。’丧之欲速贫，为敬叔言之也。”
曾子以子游之言告于有子。有子曰：“然！吾固曰非夫子之言也。”曾子曰：“子何以知之？”有子曰：“夫子制于中都：四寸之棺，五寸之椁。以斯知不欲速朽也。昔者夫子失鲁司寇，将之荆，盖先之以子夏，又申之以冉有。以斯知不欲速贫也。”
有子之言似夫子译文及注释
译文
有子问曾子道：“在先生（孔子）那里听说过失去官职方面的事情吗？”（曾子）说：“听他说的是：‘希望丢官后赶快贫穷，希望死后赶快腐烂’。”有子说：“这不是君子说的话。”曾子说：“我（的确是）从先生（孔子）那听来的。”有子又说：“这不是君子说的话。”曾子说：“我是和子游一起听见这话的。”有子说：“的确（说过）。但先生这样说肯定是有原因的。” 曾子将这话告诉子游。子游说：“有子说话很象先生啊！那时先生住在宋国，看见桓司马给自己做石椁，三年还没完成。先生说：‘像这样奢靡，（人）不如死了赶快腐烂掉越快越好啊。’希望（人）死了赶快腐烂，是针对桓司马而说的。 南宫敬叔（他原来失去官职，离开了鲁国）回国，必定带上宝物朝见国王。先生说：‘像这样对待钱财（行贿），丢掉官职（以后）不如赶紧贫穷越快越好啊。’希望丢掉官职以后迅速贫穷，是针对敬叔说的啊。” 曾子将子游的话告诉有子。有子说：“是啊。我就说了不是先生的话吗。”曾子说：“您怎么知道的呢？”有子说：“先生给中都制定的礼法中有：棺材（板）四寸，椁（板）五寸。依据这知道（先生）不希望（人死后）迅速腐烂啊。从前先生失去鲁国司寇的官职时，打算前往楚国，就先让子夏去（打听），又让冉有去申明（自己的想法）。依据这知道（先生）不希望（失去官职后）迅速贫穷。”
注释
（1）有子：孔子的弟子有若
（2）问，当作“闻”（依《经典释文》） 丧：当官然后失去官职
（3）参：曾子，名参，字子舆
（4）然：确实，这样
（5）有为言之：有所指而言，即“有所为言”
（6）斯：这
（7）甚：很（“甚哉，有子之言似夫子也”是倒装强调）
（8）桓司马：宋人，名魋tui（二声）
（9）椁：读音为guo（三声），套在棺材外面的大棺材
（10）靡：浪费，奢侈
（11）愈：较好，胜过
（12）南宫敬叔：鲁孟僖子之子仲孙阅，曾失位离开鲁国，返时载宝物朝见鲁君
（13）反：同“返”
（14）货：贿赂
（15）制：立规定，定制度
（16）之：到……去
（17）申：申明
有子之言似夫子鉴赏
本文记叙的是孔子的弟子对“丧欲速贫，死欲速朽”的含义的相互探讨。由于思考方法的不同，对同一句话，弟子们有着不同的理解。有子能够不片面、不孤立地去判断，而且和孔子的一贯言行相联；子游能够根据孔子讲话的背景，针对的问题进行分析；曾子则是句句照搬，孤立、片面地理解。文章分析问题的方式对今人仍有很大的借鉴作用。
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