《有子之言似夫子》翻译及注释
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两汉：佚名
有子问于曾子曰：“问丧于夫子乎？”曰：“闻之矣：‘丧欲速贫，死欲速朽’。”有子曰：“是非君子之言也。”曾子曰：“参也闻诸夫子也。”有子又曰：“是非君子之言也。”曾子曰：“参也与子游闻之。”有子曰：“然。然则夫子有为言之也。”
译文： 有子问曾子道：“在先生（孔子）那里听说过失去官职方面的事情吗？”（曾子）说：“听他说的是：‘希望丢官后赶快贫穷，希望死后赶快腐烂’。”有子说：“这不是君子说的话。”曾子说：“我（的确是）从先生（孔子）那听来的。”有子又说：“这不是君子说的话。”曾子说：“我是和子游一起听见这话的。”有子说：“的确（说过）。但先生这样说肯定是有原因的。”
注释： 有子：孔子的弟子有若。问，当作“闻”（依《经典释文》）丧：当官然后失去官职。参：曾子，名参，字子舆。然：确实，这样。有为言之：有所指而言，即“有所为言”。
曾子以斯言告于子游。子游曰：“甚哉，有子之言似夫子也！昔者，夫子居于宋，见桓司马自为石椁，三年而不成。夫子曰：‘若是其靡也，死不如速朽之愈也。’‘死之欲速朽’，为桓司马言之也。南宫敬叔反，必载宝而朝。夫子曰：‘若是其货也，丧不如速贫之愈也。’丧之欲速贫，为敬叔言之也。”
译文： 曾子将这话告诉子游。子游说：“有子说话很象先生啊！那时先生住在宋国，看见桓司马给自己做石椁，三年还没完成。先生说：‘像这样奢靡，（人）不如死了赶快腐烂掉越快越好啊。’希望（人）死了赶快腐烂，是针对桓司马而说的。南宫敬叔（他原来失去官职，离开了鲁国）回国，必定带上宝物朝见国王。先生说：‘像这样对待钱财（行贿），丢掉官职（以后）不如赶紧贫穷越快越好啊。’希望丢掉官职以后迅速贫穷，是针对敬叔说的啊。”
注释： 斯：这。甚：很（“甚哉，有子之言似夫子也”是倒装强调）。桓司马：宋人，名魋tui（二声）。椁：读音为guo（三声），套在棺材外面的大棺材。靡：浪费，奢侈。愈：较好，胜过。南宫敬叔：鲁孟僖子之子仲孙阅，曾失位离开鲁国，返时载宝物朝见鲁君。反：同“返”。货：贿赂。
曾子以子游之言告于有子。有子曰：“然！吾固曰非夫子之言也。”曾子曰：“子何以知之？”有子曰：“夫子制于中都：四寸之棺，五寸之椁。以斯知不欲速朽也。昔者夫子失鲁司寇，将之荆，盖先之以子夏，又申之以冉有。以斯知不欲速贫也。”
译文： 曾子将子游的话告诉有子。有子说：“是啊。我就说了不是先生的话吗。”曾子说：“您怎么知道的呢？”有子说：“先生给中都制定的礼法中有：棺材（板）四寸，椁（板）五寸。依据这知道（先生）不希望（人死后）迅速腐烂啊。从前先生失去鲁国司寇的官职时，打算前往楚国，就先让子夏去（打听），又让冉有去申明（自己的想法）。依据这知道（先生）不希望（失去官职后）迅速贫穷。”
注释： 制：立规定，定制度。之：到……去。申：申明。
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左丘明《
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齐桓下拜受胙》
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左丘明《
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子产却楚逆女以兵》
佚名简介
唐代·佚名的简介
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