醉桃源·芙蓉
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宋代]：吴文英
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青春花姊不同时。凄凉生较迟。艳妆临水最相宜。风来吹绣漪。
惊旧事，问长眉。月明仙梦回。凭阑人但觉秋肥。花愁人不知。
醉桃源·芙蓉译文及注释
译文
荷花与百花开花于不同的时间，荷花因开花太迟而孤寂异常。荷花红装绿裳摇曳在碧水边是最合适的，风吹荷花，使水中的倒影也在摇曳起舞，水面上形成了彩色的涟漪。
如当年的赵飞燕一般在风中翩跹起舞，如欲仙去，却忽然从仙梦中惊醒，只见月明如水。惊于旧事，便向旁边的侍女询问。可惜身倚栏杆的人只知道秋天的莲大藕肥，却不知荷花的凋零悲愁。
注释
醉桃源：词牌名，又名“阮郎归”等，双调，四十七字，上片四句四平韵，下片五句四平韵。
芙蓉：即荷花。
青春：春季。
花姊：指先于芙蓉开放的其他花，因时节早于芙蓉，故曰“花姊”。姊，一作“柳”。
绣漪（yī）：形容涟漪如绣。漪，指涟漪，细小的水波。
旧事：似指汉宫旧事。
长眉：这里指宫人侍女。
仙梦：似指赵飞燕风中托舞欲仙去之事。
秋肥：形容秋季万物成熟肥美。
参考资料：
1、马兴荣，刘乃昌，刘继才 主编．全宋词 广选·新注·集评 4．沈阳：辽宁人民出版社，1997年：809
2、赵慧文，徐育民 编著．吴文英词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2007年：357-358
3、上海辞书出版社文学鉴赏辞典编纂中心 编．吴文英词鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，2016年：93-95
4、宋·吴文英 著；吴蓓 笺校．梦窗词汇校笺释集评 中册．杭州：浙江古籍出版社，2012年：336-337
醉桃源·芙蓉创作背景
木芙蓉有春花之丰容华彩，秋花之艳质冰骨，但却因未能植根陶谢名门，恰如格调迥异世俗、无以自托良媒的未嫁贫女。词人虽不遇于时世，却有未肯俯仰俗流的心志，于是，词人于某日创作此词，借咏木芙蓉以抒写词人生不逢时的慨叹。
参考资料：
1、孙虹，谭学纯 著．吴梦窗研究．上海：上海古籍出版社，2015年：375-376
醉桃源·芙蓉鉴赏
这是一首咏荷花词，先通过将荷花与百花相比来突出其“凄凉”，再采用临水涟漪衬托其绰约风姿，然后又用拟人手法写其孤寂，最后又以月明梦回表其高洁。
“青春花姊不同时，凄凉生较迟。”此词发端二句写荷花与百花花开不同时：百花开于明媚的春天，而荷花却开在六、七月中，“占断人间六月凉”（辛弃疾）。其中，“花姊”一词有拟人之意；“凄凉”二字写出荷花的无尽哀思，也表达了词人对荷花开不逢时的同情。“艳妆临水最相宜，风来吹绣漪。”接着转笔写荷花如艳妆美人，临水而舞，柔风拂来，涟漪如同纹绣一般细密美丽。荷花虽然生不逢时，却天生丽质难自弃，艳妆照水之时，连风都来吹动涟漪，形成绮丽的纹绣，以衬托其美。“惊旧事，问长眉，月明仙梦回。”过片之后，又转笔写荷花感叹往事。这里，词人以拟人手法赋予荷花以高洁的品质，同时在这个形象中寄托了自己的理想及生不逢辰的悲哀，无奈的是这种高洁品格无人看重。历来常说花不解人愁，如白居易《过元家履信宅》：“落花不语空辞树，流水无情白入池。”方岳《春词五首》：“花不知愁句又尘，晚寒独自倚栏频。”欧阳修《蝶恋花·庭院深深深几许》：“泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去。”朱淑真《菩萨蛮·咏梅》：“人怜花似旧，花不知人瘦。”晏残道《鹧鸪天·守得莲开结伴游》：“花不语，水空流，年年拚得为花愁。”此词结尾却说“花愁人不知”，做翻案语，颇为新颖，同时因有寄托而颇沉郁。
全词采用略貌取神法，两句一转，从荷花生不逢时的凄凉转到艳妆临水的高昂，再转到月明梦回，方知一切都是旧事，最后归结于“花愁人不知”，呼应起首“‘凄凉”之意，对荷花之形只言“艳妆”二字，一笔带过，着重刻画荷花的神。“花姊”、“艳妆”、“绣漪”，造语绮丽；“凄凉”、“旧事”、“梦回”，字字哀愁，共同构成一幅飘渺朦胧、含蓄深沉的惜花图。对比、衬托都是从虚处下笔写荷花之神，从而寄托了词人的理想与怨艾，正是“咏物而不滞于物”，暗含的家国之感，蕴藉深永，哀怨动人。
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沈约《
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咏新荷应诏》
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李商隐《
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和马郎中移白菊见示》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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