酬刘柴桑
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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穷居寡人用，时忘四运周。
门庭多落叶，慨然知已秋。
新葵郁北牖，嘉穟养南畴。
今我不为乐，知有来岁不？
酬刘柴桑译文及注释
译文
偏僻的居处少有人事应酬之类的琐事，有时竟忘记了一年四季的轮回变化。
巷子里、庭院里到处都是树木的落叶，看到落叶不禁发出感叹，才知道原来已是金秋了。
北墙下新生的冬葵生长得郁郁葱葱，田地里将要收割的稻子也金黄饱满。
如今我要及时享受快乐，因为不知道明年此时我是否还活在世上。
吩咐妻子快带上孩子们，乘这美好的时光我们一道去登高远游。
注释
酬（chóu）：答谢，酬答，这里是指以诗相答的意思。用诗歌赠答。
刘柴桑：即刘程之，字仲思，曾为柴桑令，隐居庐山，自号遗民。
穷居：偏僻之住处。
人用：人事应酬。
四运：四时运行。
周：周而复始，循环。
门庭：闾里内的院落。门原作“榈”，底本校曰“一作门”，今从之。
葵（kuí）：冬葵，一种蔬菜。
郁（yù）：繁盛貌。
牖（yǒu）：原作“墉”，城墙也，高墙也，于义稍逊。底本校日“一作牖”，今从之。和陶本亦作“牖”。
穟（suì）：同“穗”，稻子结的果实。
畴（chóu）：田地。
不（fǒu）：同“否”。
室：妻室。
童弱：子侄等。
登远游：实现远游。
参考资料：
1、袁行霈撰．陶渊明集笺注：中华书局，2011.03：第100页
2、傅东华选注；王莞菁校订．陶渊明诗：长江出版传媒，崇文书局，2014.09：第37页
3、（晋）陶渊明著．陶渊明集 插图本,：凤凰出版社，2012.12：第56页
酬刘柴桑创作背景
《酬刘柴桑》作于东晋义熙十年（414年）秋天，时陶渊明五十岁。这年秋天，刘柴桑下庐山来拜访陶渊明，相互作诗和唱，陶渊明于是作下《酬刘柴桑》。
参考资料：
1、陈庆元，邵长满注评．陶渊明集：凤凰出版社，2011.01：第77-78页
酬刘柴桑鉴赏
《酬刘柴桑》前两句“穷居寡人用，时忘四运周”说没有什么人与他来往，所以他有时竟然忘了四季的节序变化。然事实并非如此，诗人正是在知与不知中感受生命的意趣。之后吟道：“空庭多落叶，慨然知已秋。新葵郁北墉，嘉穗养南畴。今我不为乐，知有来岁不？命室携童弱，良日登远游。”此八句所写与前两句恰好相对，时忘四运与叶落知秋，多落叶与葵穗繁茂，甘心穷居与择日远游，此数者意象矛盾，却展现了时间的永恒性与生命的暂时性。由忘时乃知穷居孤寂落寞；而枝头飘然而至的落叶，乃知秋天的到来，生命的秋天亦在浑然不觉中悄悄来临；墙角的新葵、南畴的嘉穗，虽暂时茂盛繁荣却犹似生命的晚钟难得长久，从而暗示生命的荣盛行将不再。因此诗人在穷居忘时之际又察其生命飞逝，择良日作此远游折射出生命的亮色。“今我不为乐，知有来岁不？”一句没有对来岁未知的恐怖，但有尽享今朝的胸襟。诗人情绪的宛转之变与物的荣悴之态，不能忘世的感慨之忧与对生命的达观之乐，交织成多层次的意义。
诗中以隐居躬耕的自然乐趣和人生无常的道理来酬答刘柴桑，在淳朴祥和之中，诗篇流露着田园生活的乐趣。这首小诗共十句，虽然比较简短，然而它内容醇厚。在写法上也比较独特，撇开与对方问答一类的应酬话，只写自己的感受、抱负与游兴，显得十分洒脱别样。在遣词造句上，粗线条的勾勒，并着墨点染，使全诗呈现出古朴淡雅的风格，又洋溢着轻快明朗的感情。
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上一首：
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陶渊明《
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酬刘柴桑》
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下一首：
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徐灿《
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菩萨蛮·秋闺》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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