考槃
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两汉]：佚名
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考槃在涧，硕人之宽。独寐寤言，永矢弗谖。
考槃在阿(ē)，硕人之薖。独寐寤歌，永矢弗过。
考槃在陆，硕人之轴。独寐寤宿，永矢弗告。
考槃译文及注释
译文
筑成木屋山涧间，贤人居住天地宽。独眠独醒独自言，永记快乐不言传。
筑成木屋山之坡，贤人居如安乐窝。独眠独醒独自歌，绝不走出这山阿。
筑成木屋在高原，贤人在此独盘桓。独眠独醒独自宿，此中乐趣不能言。
注释
考槃（pán）：盘桓之意，指避世隐居。一说指扣盘而歌。考，筑成，建成。槃，架木为屋。一说“考”是“扣”的假借字；“槃”通“盘”，指盛水的木制器皿。
涧：山间流水的沟。朱熹《诗集传》：“山夹水曰涧。”
硕人之宽：隐士宽阔的居处。硕人，大人，美人，贤人。本指形象高大丰满的人，不仅指形体而言，更主要指人道德高尚。此指隐者。宽，心宽。一说貌美。
独寤寐言：独睡，独醒，独自言语。指不与人交往。寤，睡醒；寐，睡着。
永：永久。矢：同“誓”。弗谖（xuān）：不忘却。
阿（ē）：山阿，大陵，山的曲隅。一说山坡。
薖（kē）：“窠”的假借字，貌美，引申为心胸宽大。一说同“窝”。
歌：此处作动词，歌唱。
永矢弗过：永远不复入君之朝。一说永不过问世事。过，过从，过往。
陆：高平之地。一说土丘。
轴：本义为车轴，此处指中心。一说明智，或说进展，或说美好的样子，或说盘桓不行貌。《列女传·母仪》：“服重任，行远道，正直而固者，轴也。”
弗告：不以此乐告人。一说不哀告、不诉苦。
参考资料：
1、程俊英 蒋见元．诗经注析．北京：中华书局，1991：160
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：110-112
3、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：113-114
考槃创作背景
历代学者一般认为此诗为赞美隐士而作。《毛诗序》认为这首诗是讽刺卫庄公不用贤人的，说：“《考槃》，刺庄公也。不能继先王之业，使贤者退而穷处。”朱熹《诗集传》则认为此诗是赞美“贤者隐处涧谷之间”。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：110-112
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：113-114
考槃鉴赏
考槃在阿，硕人之薖。独寐寤歌，永矢弗过。
这是一首隐士的赞歌。题目就包涵着赞美的意思。《毛传》说：“考，成；槃，乐。”朱熹《诗集传》引陈傅良的说明：“考，扣也；盘，器名。盖扣之以节歌，如鼓盆拊缶之为乐也。”黄熏《诗解》说：“考槃者，犹考击其乐以自乐也。”总之，题目定下一个愉悦赞美的感情调子。
全诗分三章，变化不大，意思连贯。无论这位隐士生活在水湄山间，无论他的言辞行动，都显示畅快自由的样子。诗反复吟咏这些言行形象，用复沓的方式，增强诗歌的艺术表现力。
此诗集中描写两个内容。一个内容是隐士形象。“硕人”一词，本身就带有身体高大与思想高尚双重含义。全诗反复强调“硕人之宽”“硕人之薖”“硕人之轴”，突出“宽”“薖”“轴”，实际上表示隐士的生活是自由舒畅的，心胸是宽广高尚的。他远离浊世，又使浊世景仰。因此，这个隐士虽然隐居山间水际，但仍然是受人们敬重仰羡的社会人。隐士是贤者，处身于穷乡僻壤。硕人是隐士，是贤者，是有高尚思想宽广胸襟的伟人，对此诗歌反复吟咏，诗内诗外，都得到表现。诗中描写的另一个内容，是隐居的环境。“考槃在涧”“考槃在阿”“考槃在陆”，无论在水涧、山丘、高原，都是人群生活较少的地方。隐士之所以叫做隐，当然并不仅仅在于远离社会生活。虽说前人有“大隐于朝，中隐于市，小隐于野”的说法，在朝廷、市井之中做隐士不是不可以；不过，一般说来，隐士大多数指远离人群集中活动的范围，到山林、水际、海岛等较荒僻地方去生活的一批人。隐士也可以说是自愿从社会中自我放逐者。诗歌采用了正面烘托的手法，把隐居的环境写得幽静雅致。山涧、山丘、黄土高坡，都不涉一笔荒芜、凄凉、冷落，反而成为一个符合隐士所居的幽雅环境。那么，贤良的隐士在幽雅的环境中，就如鱼得水，散步、歌唱、游赏，自得其乐，舒畅自由。于是，隐居之乐也永远不能忘却，更不想离去了。贤人、幽境、愉悦三者相结合，强烈地表达出硕人的隐居，是一种高尚而快乐的行为，是应该受到社会尊重赞美的。
诗歌每章一韵，使四言一句，四句一章的格式，在整齐中见出变化。全诗以山涧小屋与独居的人心境对照，木屋虽小，只感觉天地之宽。环境之美，留恋不出，尤其是一“独寐寤言”的勾勒，增界全出，在自我的天地之中，独自一人睡，独自一人醒，独一个人说话，早已是恍然忘世，凸现出一个鲜明生动的隐者形象。作笔的简练，选项取的镜头之典型，人物是呼之欲出，境之耐人寻，确有妙处。
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佚名《
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鄘风·定之方中》
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佚名《
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大雅·江汉》
佚名简介
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