《杜陵叟》翻译及注释
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唐代：白居易
杜陵叟，杜陵居，岁种薄田一顷余。
译文：杜陵老头居住在杜陵，每年种了贫瘠的田地一顷多。
注释：薄田：贫瘠的田地。
三月无雨旱风起，麦苗不秀多黄死。
译文：三月份没有雨刮着旱风，麦苗不开花不多枯黄死。
九月降霜秋早寒，禾穗未熟皆青乾。
译文：九月份降霜秋天寒冷早，禾穗没熟都已经干枯。
长吏明知不申破，急敛暴征求考课。
译文：官吏明明知道但不报告真相，急迫收租、凶暴征税以求通过考核得奖赏。
注释：考课：古代指考查政绩。
典桑卖地纳官租，明年衣食将何如？
译文：典当桑园、出卖田地来缴纳官府规定的租税，明年的衣食将怎么办？
剥我身上帛，夺我口中粟。
译文：剥去我们身上的衣服，夺掉我们口中的粮食。
注释：帛：丝织品。粟：小米，也泛指谷类。
虐人害物即豺狼，何必钩爪锯牙食人肉？
译文：虐害人伤害物的就是豺狼，何必爪牙象钩、牙齿象锯一样地吃人肉！
不知何人奏皇帝，帝心恻隐知人弊。
译文：不知什么人报告了皇帝，皇帝心中怜悯、了解人们的困苦。
注释：恻隐：见人遭遇不幸而心有所不忍。即同情。弊：衰落；疲惫。
白麻纸上书德音，京畿尽放今年税。
译文：白麻纸上书写着施恩布德的诏令，京城附近全部免除今年的租税。
注释：京畿：国都及其行政官署所辖地区。
昨日里胥方到门，手持敕牒榜乡村。
译文：昨天里长才到门口来，手里拿着公文张贴在乡村中。
注释：里胥：古代指地方上的一里之长，负责管理事务。方：才，刚刚。牒：文书。
十家租税九家毕，虚受吾君蠲免恩。
译文：十家缴纳的租税九家已送完，白白地受了我们君王免除租税的恩惠。
注释：蠲：除去，免除。
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杜甫《
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悲青坂》
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王建《
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田家行》
白居易简介
唐代·白居易的简介
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白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年，白居易在洛阳逝世，葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。