《观潮》翻译及注释
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宋代：周密
浙江之潮，天下之伟观也。自既望以至十八日为盛。方其远出海门，仅如银线；既而渐近，则玉城雪岭际天而来，大声如雷霆，震撼激射，吞天沃日，势极雄豪。杨诚斋诗云“海涌银为郭，江横玉系腰”者是也。
译文： 钱塘江的潮水，是天下雄伟的景观。从（农历）八月十六日到十八日潮水是最壮观的。当潮水远远地从钱塘江入海口涌起的时候，（远看）几乎像一条银白色的线；不久（潮水）越来越近，玉城雪岭一般的潮水连天涌来，声音大得像雷霆万钧，震撼天地，激扬喷射，吞没天空，冲荡太阳，气势极其雄伟豪壮。杨万里的诗中说的“海涌银为郭，江横玉系腰”就是指这样的景象。
注释： 浙江：就是钱塘江。自既望以至十八日：从农历（八月）十六日到十八日。既望，农历十六日（十五日叫望）。方其远出海门：当潮从入海口涌起的时候。方，当……时。其，代词，指潮。出，发、起。海门，浙江入海口，那里两边的山对峙着。仅如银线：几乎像一条（横画的）银白色的线。仅，几乎，将近。玉城雪岭：形容泛着白沫的潮水像玉砌的城墙和白雪覆盖的山岭。际天：连接着天。沃日（wòrì）：冲荡太阳。形容波浪大。沃，用水淋洗，冲荡。海涌银为郭，江横玉系腰这两句诗是《浙江观潮》一诗里的句子，意思是，海水涌起来，成为银子堆砌的城郭；浙江横着，潮水给系上一条白玉的腰带。“……是也”：就是指这样的景象。
每岁京尹出浙江亭教阅水军，艨艟数百，分列两岸；既而尽奔腾分合五阵之势，并有乘骑弄旗标枪舞刀于水面者，如履平地。倏尔黄烟四起，人物略不相睹，水爆轰震，声如崩山。烟消波静，则一舸无迹，仅有“敌船”为火所焚，随波而逝。
译文： 每年（农历八月）京都临安府长官来到浙江亭教阅水军，几百艘战船分列两岸；不久水军的战船演习五阵的阵势，忽而疾驶，忽而腾起，忽而分，忽而合，极尽种种变化，同时有在水面上骑马、舞旗、举枪、挥刀的人，好像踩在平地上一样安稳。忽然黄色的烟雾从四面升起，人和物彼此一点儿也看不见，只听得水爆的轰鸣声，声音像山崩塌一样。（等到）烟雾消散，水波平静，就一条船的踪影也没有了，只剩下被火烧毁的“敌船”，随波而去。
注释： 每岁京尹出浙江亭教阅水军：每年（农历八月）京都临安府长官来到浙江亭教阅水军。岁，年。京尹，京都临安府（今浙江杭州）的长官。浙江亭，馆驿名，在城南钱塘江岸。艨艟：战船。既而尽奔腾分合五阵之势：演习五阵的阵势，忽而疾驶，忽而腾起，忽而分，忽而合，极尽种种变化。尽，穷尽。五阵，指两、伍、专、参、偏五种阵法。乘骑弄旗标枪舞刀：乘马、舞旗、举枪、挥刀。骑，马。弄，舞动。标，树立、举。略不相睹：彼此一点也看不见。睹，看。水爆：水军用的一种爆炸武器。一舸无迹：一条船的踪影也没有了。舸，船。敌船：指假设的敌方战船。逝：去，往。
吴儿善泅者数百，皆披发文身，手持十幅大彩旗，争先鼓勇，溯迎而上，出没于鲸波万仞中，腾身百变，而旗尾略不沾湿，以此夸能。
译文： 几百个善于泅水的吴地健儿，披散着头发，身上画着文彩，手里拿着十幅大彩旗，争先恐后，鼓足勇气，逆流迎着潮水而上，在万仞高的巨浪中忽隐忽现，翻腾着身子变换各种姿态，但是旗尾却一点也不被水沾湿，凭借这种表演来显示他们高超的技能。
注释： 吴儿善泅者数百：几百个擅于泅水的吴地健儿。吴地即今江苏、浙江一带。因春秋时为吴国之地，故称。善，善于。泅，游泳、浮水（可不翻译）。披发文身：披散着头发，身上画着花纹。文，动词，画着文彩。溯迎而上：逆流迎着潮水而上。溯，逆流而上。而，表修饰。鲸波万仞：万仞高的巨浪。鲸波，巨浪。鲸所到之处，波涛汹涌，所以称巨浪为鲸波。万仞，形容浪头极高，不是实指。腾身百变：翻腾着身子变换尽各种姿态。
江干上下十余里间，珠翠罗绮溢目，车马塞途，饮食百物皆倍穹常时，而僦赁看幕，虽席地不容间也。
译文： 江岸上下游十多里的地方，满眼都是穿着华丽的服饰的观众，车马堵塞道路，吃喝等各种物品（的价钱）比平时要高出很多倍。租用看棚的人(非常多)，中间即使是一席之地也不容有。
注释： 江干：江岸。珠翠罗绮溢目：满眼都是华丽的服饰。珠翠罗绮，泛指妇女的首饰和游人的华丽衣服。溢目，满眼。倍穹：（价钱）加倍的高。穹，动词，高；倍，形容词，指很多倍。而僦赁看幕：租用看棚的人（非常多）。而，表转折。僦、赁，都是租用的意思。看幕，为观潮而特意搭的帐棚。虽席地不容间也：中间即使是一席之地的空地也不容有容。许，使。间：空间。虽，即使。席地，一席之地，仅容一个座位的地方。
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谢直《
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卜算子·赠妓》
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列御寇《
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两小儿辩日》
周密简介
唐代·周密的简介
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周密 （1232-1298），字公谨，号草窗，又号四水潜夫、弁阳老人、华不注山人，南宋词人、文学家。祖籍济南，流寓吴兴（今浙江湖州）。宋德右间为义乌县（今年内属浙江）令。入元隐居不仕。自号四水潜夫。他的诗文都有成就，又能诗画音律，尤好藏弃校书，一生著述较丰。著有《齐东野语》、《武林旧事》、《癸辛杂识》、《志雅堂要杂钞》等杂著数十种。其词远祖清真，近法姜夔，风格清雅秀润，与吴文英并称“二窗”，词集名《频洲渔笛谱》、《草窗词》。