《送东阳马生序》翻译及注释
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明代：宋濂
余幼时即嗜学。家贫，无从致书以观，每假借于藏书之家，手自笔录，计日以还。天大寒，砚冰坚，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。录毕，走送之，不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。既加冠，益慕圣贤之道，又患无硕师、名人与游，尝趋百里外，从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊，门人弟子填其室，未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右，援疑质理，俯身倾耳以请；或遇其叱咄，色愈恭，礼愈至，不敢出一言以复；俟其欣悦，则又请焉。故余虽愚，卒获有所闻。
译文： 我年幼时就爱学习。因为家中贫穷，无法得到书来看，常向藏书的人家求借，亲手抄录，约定日期送还。天气酷寒时，砚池中的水冻成了坚冰，手指不能屈伸，我仍不放松读书。抄写完后，赶快送还人家，不敢稍稍超过约定的期限。因此人们大多肯将书借给我，我因而能够看各种各样的书。已经成年之后，更加仰慕圣贤的学说，又苦于不能与学识渊博的老师和名人交往，曾快步走（跑）到百里之外，手拿着经书向同乡前辈求教。前辈德高望重，门人学生挤满了他的房间，他的言辞和态度从未稍有委婉。我站着陪侍在他左右，提出疑难，询问道理，低身侧耳向他请教；有时遭到他的训斥，表情更为恭敬，礼貌更为周到，不敢答复一句话；等到他高兴时，就又向他请教。所以我虽然愚钝，最终还是得到不少教益。
注释： 致：得到。余：我。嗜学：爱好读书。假借：借。弗之怠：即“弗怠之”，不懈怠，不放松读书。弗，不。之，指代抄书。走：跑，这里意为“赶快”。逾约：超过约定的期限。既：已经，到了。加冠：古代男子到二十岁时，举行加冠（束发戴帽）仪式，表示已成年。圣贤之道：指孔孟儒家的道统。宋濂是一个主张仁义道德的理学家，所以十分推崇它。硕师：学问渊博的老师。游：交游。尝：曾。趋：奔赴。乡之先达：当地在道德学问上有名望的前辈。这里指浦江的柳贯、义乌的黄溍等古文家。执经叩问：携带经书去请教。稍降辞色：把言辞放委婉些，把脸色放温和些。辞色，言辞和脸色。援疑质理：提出疑难，询问道理。叱咄：训斥，呵责。俟等待。卒：终于。
当余之从师也，负箧曳屣，行深山巨谷中，穷冬烈风，大雪深数尺，足肤皲裂而不知。至舍，四支僵劲不能动，媵人持汤沃灌，以衾拥覆，久而乃和。寓逆旅，主人日再食，无鲜肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被绮绣，戴朱缨宝饰之帽，腰白玉之环，左佩刀，右备容臭，烨然若神人；余则缊袍敝衣处其间，略无慕艳意。以中有足乐者，不知口体之奉不若人也。盖余之勤且艰若此。
译文： 当我寻师时，背着书箱，趿拉着鞋子，行走在深山大谷之中，严冬寒风凛冽，大雪深达几尺，脚和皮肤受冻裂开都不知道。到学舍后，四肢僵硬不能动弹，仆人给我灌下热水，用被子围盖身上，过了很久才暖和过来。住在旅馆，我每天吃两顿饭，没有新鲜肥嫩的美味享受。同学舍的求学者都穿着锦绣衣服，戴着有红色帽带、饰有珍宝的帽子，腰间挂着白玉环，左边佩戴着刀，右边备有香囊，光彩鲜明，如同神人；我却穿着旧棉袍、破衣服处于他们之间，毫无羡慕的意思。因为心中有足以使自己高兴的事，并不觉得吃穿的享受不如人家。我的勤劳和艰辛大概就是这样。
注释： 箧：箱子。曳屣：拖着鞋子。穷冬：隆冬。皲裂：皮肤因寒冷干燥而开裂。僵劲：僵硬。媵人：陪嫁的女子。这里指女仆。持汤沃灌：指拿热水喝或拿热水浸洗。汤：热水。沃灌：浇水洗。衾：被子。逆旅主人：旅店主人。日再食：每日两餐。被绮绣：穿着华丽的绸缎衣服。被，同“披”。绮，有花纹的丝织品。朱缨宝饰：红穗子上穿有珠子等装饰品。腰白玉之环：腰间悬着白玉圈。容臭：香袋子。臭：气味，这里指香气。烨（页）然：光采照人的样子。缊袍：粗麻絮制作的袍子。敝衣：破衣。
今虽耄老，未有所成，犹幸预君子之列，而承天子之宠光，缀公卿之后，日侍坐备顾问，四海亦谬称其氏名，况才之过于余者乎？
译文： 如今我虽已年老，没有什么成就，但所幸还得以置身于君子的行列中，承受着天子的恩宠荣耀，追随在公卿之后，每天陪侍着皇上，听候询问，天底下也不适当地称颂自己的姓名，更何况才能超过我的人呢？
注释： 耄老：年老。八九十岁的人称耄。宋濂此时已六十九岁。幸预：有幸参与。君子指有道德学问的读书人。缀：这里意为“跟随”。谬称：不恰当地赞许。这是作者的谦词。
今诸生学于太学，县官日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》，无奔走之劳矣；有司业、博士为之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书，皆集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉！
译文： 如今的学生们在太学中学习，朝廷每天供给膳食，父母每年都赠给冬天的皮衣和夏天的葛衣，没有冻饿的忧虑了；坐在大厦之下诵读经书，没有奔走的劳苦了；有司业和博士当他们的老师，没有询问而不告诉，求教而无所收获的了；凡是所应该具备的书籍，都集中在这里，不必再像我这样用手抄录，从别人处借来然后才能看到了。他们中如果学业有所不精通，品德有所未养成的，如果不是天赋、资质低下，就是用心不如我这样专一，难道可以说是别人的过错吗！
注释： 诸生：指太学生。太学：明代中央政府设立的教育士人的学校，称作太学或国子监。县官：这里指朝廷。廪稍：当时政府免费供给的俸粮称“廪”或“稍”。裘：皮衣。葛：夏布衣服。遗：赠，这里指接济。司业、博士：分别为太学的次长官和教授。非天质之卑：如果不是由于天资太低下。
东阳马生君则，在太学已二年，流辈甚称其贤。余朝京师，生以乡人子谒余，撰长书以为贽，辞甚畅达，与之论辩，言和而色夷。自谓少时用心于学甚劳，是可谓善学者矣！其将归见其亲也，余故道为学之难以告之。谓余勉乡人以学者，余之志也；诋我夸际遇之盛而骄乡人者，岂知余者哉！
译文： 东阳马生君则，在太学中已学习二年了，同辈人很称赞他的德行。我到京师朝见皇帝时，马生以同乡晚辈的身份拜见我，写了一封长信作为礼物，文辞很顺畅通达，同他论辩，言语温和而态度谦恭。他自己说少年时对于学习很用心、刻苦，这可以称作善于学习者吧！他将要回家拜见父母双亲，我特地将自己治学的艰难告诉他。如果说我勉励同乡努力学习，则是我的志意；如果诋毁我夸耀自己遭遇之好而在同乡前骄傲，难道是了解我吗？
注释： 流辈：同辈。朝：旧时臣下朝见君主。宋濂写此文时，正值他从家乡到京城应天（南京）见朱元璋。以乡人子：以同乡之子的身份。谒（yè夜）：拜见。撰：同“撰”，写。长书：长信。贽：古时初次拜见时所赠的礼物。夷：平易。“谓余”二句：认为我是在勉励同乡人努力学习，这是说到了我的本意。诋：毁谤。际遇之盛：遭遇的得意，指得到皇帝的赏识重用。骄乡人：对同乡骄傲。归见：回家探望。
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宋濂《
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送东阳马生序(节选)》
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范晔《
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梁鸿尚节》
宋濂简介
唐代·宋濂的简介
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宋濂（1310—1381）字景濂，号潜溪，别号玄真子、玄真道士、玄真遁叟。汉族，浦江（今浙江浦江县）人，元末明初文学家，曾被明太祖朱元璋誉为“开国文臣之首”，学者称太史公。宋濂与高启、刘基并称为“明初诗文三大家”。他因长孙宋慎牵连胡惟庸党案而被流放茂州，途中病死于夔州。他的代表作品有《送东阳马生序》、《朱元璋奉天讨元北伐檄文》等。