《纵囚论》翻译及注释
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宋代：欧阳修
信义行于君子，而刑戮施于小人。刑入于死者，乃罪大恶极，此又小人之尤甚者也。宁以义死，不苟幸生，而视死如归，此又君子之尤难者也。方唐太宗之六年，录大辟囚三百余人，纵使还家，约其自归以就死。是以君子之难能，期小人之尤者以必能也。其囚及期，而卒自归无后者。是君子之所难，而小人之所易也。此岂近于人情哉？
译文： 对君子讲信义，对小人施刑罚。刑罚定成死罪，是罪恶到了顶点，这又是小人中最厉害的了。宁可为了信义而死，不愿苟且偷生，把死看得象回家一般，这又是君子中特别难以办到的。当唐太宗贞观六年的时候，选取犯死罪的囚犯三百多人，释放了让他们回家，并约定时间叫他们自动回来接受死刑;这是用君子难以做到的事，希望最坏的小人一定做到。那些囚犯到了期限，终于自己回来，竟没有一个失约的:这是君子难于做到的事，小人却轻而易举的做到了。这难道是近于人情的么。
注释： 唐太宗之六年：632年（唐太宗贞观六年）。唐太宗是我国历史上有一定作为的皇帝，他在位年间，国势强大，社会较安定，史称“贞观之治”。大辟：死刑。辟，法。刑法。大辟意为最重的刑罚。
或曰：罪大恶极，诚小人矣；及施恩德以临之，可使变而为君子。盖恩德入人之深，而移人之速，有如是者矣。曰：太宗之为此，所以求此名也。然安知夫纵之去也，不意其必来以冀免，所以纵之乎？又安知夫被纵而去也，不意其自归而必获免，所以复来乎？夫意其必来而纵之，是上贼下之情也；意其必免而复来，是下贼上之心也。吾见上下交相贼以成此名也，乌有所谓施恩德与夫知信义者哉？不然，太宗施德于天下，于兹六年矣，不能使小人不为极恶大罪，而一日之恩，能使视死如归，而存信义。此又不通之论也!
译文： 有人说:“罪大恶极，的确是小人了;但是等到对他施加恩德，就可以使他变成君子。因为恩德进入人心很深，能很快改变人们的气质，所以出现了象这样的情况。”我说:“唐太宗之所以这样做，正是为了求得这种声誉啊。这样看来，哪里知道放囚犯回去，不是预料他们一定再回来以希望赦免，所以才释放他们呢又哪里知道被释放回来的囚犯，不是预料自动回来一定能够赦免，所以才再回来的呢料想囚犯一定回来才释放他们，这是上面揣摩下面的情意;料想上面一定赦免他们才再回来，这是下面揣摩上面的心思。我只见上面和下面互相揣摩来造成这种声誉，哪里有什么布施恩德和懂得信义呢如果不是这样，那么唐太宗向天下布施恩德，到这时已经六年了，还不能使小人不做罪大恶极的事;然而一天的恩德，却能使他们视死如归，保存信义，这又是讲不通的理论啊。”
注释： 意：估计。贼：用作动词，窃，私下行动，引申为窥测。
然则何为而可？曰：纵而来归，杀之无赦。而又纵之，而又来，则可知为恩德之致尔。然此必无之事也。若夫纵而来归而赦之，可偶一为之尔。若屡为之，则杀人者皆不死。是可为天下之常法乎？不可为常者，其圣人之法乎？是以尧、舜、三王之治，必本于人情，不立异以为高，不逆情以干誉。
译文： 既然这样，那么怎样做才好呢？我说:“释放了回来的，把他们杀掉而不赦免;然后再释放一批，他们又回来了，这样才能知道是布施恩德所造成的。然而这是一定不会有的事啊。至于释放了能够自动回来再加以赦免，只能够偶然试一试罢了;如果屡次这样做，那么杀人犯就都不会死了，这能够作为天下经常的法律么不能作为经常的法律，难道是圣人的法律么因此，尧，舜和三王治理天下，一定根据人情，不标新立异来显示高尚，不违背人情来求取名誉。”
注释： 三王：指夏禹、商汤、周文王和周武王。他们都是儒家崇拜的古代的明君。
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王禹偁《
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黄冈竹楼记》
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方孝孺《
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深虑论》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。