《阴饴甥对秦伯》翻译及注释
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先秦：左丘明
十月，晋阴饴甥会秦伯，盟于王城。
译文： 鲁僖公十五年十月，晋国的阴饴甥会见秦伯，两国在王城结盟。秦穆公问他：“你们晋国内部意见和协吗？”阴饴甥说“不和。小人以失去国君为耻，又因丧失亲人而悲伤，不怕多征赋税，舍得花钱添置武器盔甲，并且拥立太子姬圉继任国君。他们说：‘宁肯奉事戎狄，也得报这个仇。’君子则爱护自己的国君，但也知道他的罪过。他们也不怕多征赋税，舍得花钱添置武器盔甲，却是为了等待秦国的命令。他们说：‘宁可牺牲，一定得报答秦国的恩德。’这样，意见就不一致。”
注释： 阴饴甥：名饴，甥，指他为晋侯的外甥。因封于阴(今河南陕县至陕西商县一带)，故又称阴饴甥。晋大夫。秦伯：指秦穆公。王城：今陕西朝邑县西南。
秦伯曰：“晋国和乎？”对曰：“不和。小人耻失其君而悼丧其亲，不惮征缮以立圉也。曰：‘必报仇，宁事戎狄。’君子爱其君而知其罪，不惮征缮以待秦命。曰：‘必报德，有死无二。’以此不和。”秦伯曰：“国谓君何？”对曰：“小人戚，谓之不免；君子恕，以为必归。小人曰：‘我毒秦，秦岂归君？’君子曰：‘我知罪矣，秦必归君。贰而执之，服而舍之，德莫厚焉，刑莫威焉。服者怀德，贰者畏刑，此一役也，秦可以霸。纳而不定，废而不立，以德为怨，秦不其然。’”秦伯曰：“是吾心也。”
译文： 秦穆公又问：“你们对国君的命运有什么看法？”阴饴甥说：“小人发愁，认为国君不免灾祸；君子宽心，以为国君必定回来。小人说：‘我对秦国太无情了，秦国岂肯还我国君？’君子说：‘我已认罪了，秦国必定还我国君。’他背叛了，就抓起来；他认罪了，就放回来。恩德再没有比这更厚的了，刑罚也没有比这更威严的了。内心臣服的自然感恩怀德，那怀有二心的也会畏惧刑罚。这一仗如此了结，秦国真可成就霸业了。不然的话，当初帮他回国登位，又不让他安于其位；后来废了他的君位，又不让他复位，以致原来施的恩德，反变成仇恨，秦国总不会出此下策吧！”
注释： 小人：指缺乏远见的人。君：指晋惠公。他借秦穆公的力量才做了国君，后来和秦发生矛盾，在战争中被俘。惮：怕。征缮：征集财赋，修缮兵器，准备打仗。圉：晋惠公的太子名。君子：指晋国的有远见的贵族。待秦命：这是委婉的说法。真正意思是：如果秦不送回我们的国君，就不惜一切，再打一仗。必报德，有死无二：报答秦国对晋的恩德，至死没有二心。戚：忧愁、悲哀。毒：毒害，得罪。指晋惠公与秦为敌。以前晋国发生灾荒，秦国输送了粮食；后来秦国发生灾荒，晋国一点也不给。贰：背叛。舍：释放。
改馆晋侯，馈七牢焉。
译文： 秦穆公说：“你讲的正合我心啊！”马上就让晋侯改住宾馆，赠送七牢，以诸侯之礼相待。
注释： 改馆：换个住所，改用国君之礼相待。馈：赠送。七牢：牛、羊、猪各一头，叫做一牢。七牢是当时款待诸侯的礼节。
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左丘明《
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阴饴甥对秦伯》
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佚名《
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诸稽郢行成于吴》
左丘明简介
唐代·左丘明的简介
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丘明（姓姜，氏丘，名明），华夏人，生于前502年，死于前422年，享年80岁。丘穆公吕印的后代。本名丘明，因其先祖曾任楚国的左史官，故在姓前添“左”字，故称左史官丘明先生，世称“左丘明”，后为鲁国太史 。左氏世为鲁国太史，至丘明则约与孔子（前551-479）同时，而年辈稍晚。他是当时著名史家、学者与思想家，著有《春秋左氏传》、《国语》等。他左丘明的最重要贡献在于其所著《春秋左氏传》与《国语》二书。左氏家族世为太史，左丘明又与孔子一起“如周，观书于周史”，故熟悉诸国史事，并深刻理解孔子思想。