《田家三首》翻译及注释
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唐代：柳宗元
蓐食徇所务，驱牛向东阡。
译文：天未亮就吃了饭，赶着牛去村东干。
注释：蓐食：坐在床席上吃早饭。徇：从事，尽全力去做。所务：所从事的农务。
鸡鸣村巷白，夜色归暮田。
译文：天刚亮就下了田，直至暮色归家园。
札札耒耜声，飞飞来乌鸢。
译文：木犁翻土札札响，乌鸦老鹰飞不断。
注释：耒耜：耕地翻土的工具。这里泛指农具。乌鸢：乌鸦和老鹰。这里泛指鸟类。
竭兹筋力事，持用穷岁年。
译文：竭尽筋力勤劳动，收点粮食过一年。
注释：竭：尽。兹：这个。筋力事：指重体力劳动。持用：拿来取用。穷：过完，度过。
尽输助徭役，聊就空自眠。
译文：粮食交尽出苦力，姑且回到空屋眠。
子孙日已长，世世还复然。
译文：子孙天天长大了，世世代代亦复然。
篱落隔烟火，农谈四邻夕。
译文：烟火人家篱笆隔，相聚黄昏来谈白。
注释：篱落：篱笆。烟火：指人家。这两句是说，篱笆把一家家隔开，傍晚时左邻右舍聚在一起交谈。
庭际秋虫鸣，疏麻方寂历。
译文：院边秋蝉叽叽叫，无风苎麻正寂寂。
注释：庭际：院落边。虫：一作“蛩”。疏麻：麻名。这里泛指一般的苎麻。方：正。寂历：寂静。
蚕丝尽输税，机杼空倚壁。
译文：收下蚕丝尽交税，空留布机斜倚壁。
注释：尽输税：全部拿去交了税。机杼：指织布机。空倚壁：空空的靠在墙边。
里胥夜经过，鸡黍事筵席。
译文：乡村小吏夜到来，杀鸡煮饭备筵席。
注释：里胥：乡村小吏。事：备办。
各言官长峻，文字多督责。
译文：都说官长心真狠，常有文书来责督。
注释：峻：严厉。各言长官峻：指来的里胥是一批，他们各自都说官长严厉。文字：指文书。督责：督促，责备。
东乡后租期，车毂陷泥泽。
译文：车陷泥潭不能出，东乡交租稍延误。
注释：后租期：延误了交税的期限。毂：车轮中心贯轴的圆木，这里是指代车轮。车毂陷泥泽，是解释“后租期”乃因车轮陷进了泥潭里的缘故。
公门少推恕，鞭朴恣狼藉。
译文：官府从来不宽恕，肆意鞭打血肉糊。
注释：公门：官府。少推恕：很少酌情宽恕。鞭朴：鞭打。恣：肆意，指肆意鞭打。狼藉：纵横散乱的样子。这里形容被打得血肉模糊。
努力慎经营，肌肤真可惜。
译文：千万备好田租赋，免得皮肉也受苦。
注释：可惜：可怜。
迎新在此岁，唯恐踵前迹。
译文：交纳新税就在即，唯恐重蹈东乡路。
注释：迎新：迎接新谷登场。唐德宗时开始分秋夏两季征收赋税，规定夏税要在六月交毕，秋税要在十一月交毕。新谷登场也就是交秋税的时候到了。在此岁：在这个时候。踵前迹：指踏着前人的足迹。
古道饶蒺藜，萦回古城曲。
译文：路上蒺藜满眼生，弯曲缠绕古城壁。
注释：饶：盛多。曲：角落。
蓼花被堤岸，陂水寒更绿。
译文：蓼花覆盖塘堤岸，池中之水更清绿。
注释：蓼花：一年生草本植物，多生长在水边或湿地。被：遮盖。绿：一作“渌”，澄清。
是时收获竟，落日多樵牧。
译文：此时秋收已完毕，樵夫牧童日暮归。
风高榆柳疏，霜重梨枣熟。
译文：寒风劲吹柳叶稀，霜下梨枣已透熟。
行人迷去住，野鸟竞栖宿。
译文：行路之人迷归路，野鸟竞相寻归宿。
注释：行人：指诗人自己。
田翁笑相念，昏黑慎原陆。
译文：田家老人笑留我，黑夜原孤独谨慎。
注释：念：关心。原陆：高而平的地面。
今年幸少丰，无厌饘与粥。
译文：幸亏今年收成好，不用担心没得粥。
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尤袤《
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淮民谣》
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曹植《
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梁甫行》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。