《书韩干牧马图》翻译及注释
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宋代：苏轼
南山之下，汧渭之间，想见开元天宝年。
译文：南山之下，汧水渭水之间，我可以想象出开元天宝那些年。
注释：韩干：大梁人，官太府寺丞。善画人物，尤工鞍马。初师曹霸。天宝中召入供奉，悉图宫中名马。南山：指秦岭，在陕西陇县南。汧渭：汧水及渭水，均在陕西。开元、天宝：唐玄宗年号。
八坊分屯隘秦川，四十万匹如云烟。
译文：朝廷建立八坊养马，连秦川都觉得太狭隘，四十万匹骏马奔驰，似阵阵云烟。
注释：八坊：唐时置八坊于岐、豳、泾、宁间，管理马匹，地广千里。秦川：指陕西、甘肃东部一带。四十万匹：开元时令王毛仲管马政，至十三年，马有四十三万。
骓駓骃骆骊骝騵，白鱼赤兔骍騜鶾。
译文：马儿毛色各异，五花八门，应有尽有；
注释：“骓”二句：指形形色色的马。骓，毛色苍白相杂的马。駓，毛色黄白相杂的马。骃，浅黑间白的马。骆，黑鬣的白马。骊，纯黑的马。骝，黑鬣的红马。騵，白腹的红马。白鱼，两目似鱼目的马。赤兔，红马。骍，红黄色的马。騜，毛色黄白相杂的马。鶾，长毛马。
龙颅凤颈狞且妍，奇姿逸态隐驽顽。
译文：头似龙，颈似凤，有狞恶有俊妍。奇姿逸态，令人叹为观止，也有些劣性马，跳踉嘶叫，混杂其间。
注释：奇姿：特殊的姿态；上面所说的“狞”，其实就是奇姿。逸德：秉性纯良。弩顽：难以驯服、质地不好的劣等马。隐：隐藏，夹在中间。
碧眼胡儿手足鲜，岁时翦刷供帝闲。
译文：绿眼睛的胡人以善养马出名，每年剪毛刷马，精心挑选，供给天子的御马监。
注释：碧眼胡儿：谓牧马人，据诗，知唐时牧马人多为长着碧蓝眼睛的少数民族的人。胡儿，西域少数民族。鲜：鲜明，此处意为灵活。剪刷：剪毛和洗刷，此乃牧马人分内的事。帝闲：内廷的马厩。
柘袍临池侍三千，红妆照日光流渊。
译文：天子临池观马，左右侍从美女三千，红妆在日光的照耀下分外光鲜。
注释：柘袍：黄袍。此代指皇帝。临池：谓临池学习书法。池，砚池。三千：谓宫女之多。
楼下玉螭吐清寒，往来蹙踏生飞湍。
译文：楼下的玉螭口中吐出不绝的寒水，马群在水波中奔跑溅起水花似箭。
注释：螭：传说中无角的龙。古代常雕刻其形作为器物装饰。此指池边吐水的螭首。蹙踏：踢，踏。
众工舐笔和朱铅，先生曹霸弟子韩。
译文：画工们把笔舐满了颜料临摹，曹霸和弟子韩干的画技压倒群贤。
注释：舐：以舌取食或舔物，这里是说用手舔笔。众工：众画工。朱铅：指绘画的颜料。曹霸：唐著名画家，魏曹髦之后。天宝末曾奉诏画御马及功臣，官至左武卫将军。
厩马多肉尻脽圆，肉中画骨夸尤难。
译文：内厩的马多肉臀部肥圆，能在画肉时画出骨相，真是难上加难。
注释：“厩马”二句：说内厩马肥胖，难以画出骨相。尻脽，臀部。韩干画马善于表现骨相，故云。
金羁玉勒绣罗鞍，鞭箠刻烙伤天全，不如此图近自然。
译文：马匹戴着黄金羁白玉勒，马鞍子是罗绫绣成，它们遭到鞭打火烙已伤天全，怎比得韩干画上的马，神骏天然。
注释：羁：马笼头。勒：马络头。鞭箠：用马鞭子鞭打。箠，马鞭。烙：灼，烧。伤：伤害。天全：不遭受任何伤害的自然状态，即本性。
平沙细草荒芊绵，惊鸿脱兔争后先。
译文：你看，一望无际的平沙上，细草蒙蒙似绵，马儿轻逸快捷，恐后争先。
注释：平沙：广漠的沙源，此谓草原。荒芊绵：草原上的荒草，长得很茂盛，绵延不断。芊，茂盛。惊鸿：曹植《洛神赋》：“翩若惊鸿。”鸿受惊就飞得快。脱兔：逃跑的兔子。比喻行动非常迅速。脱，逃脱。
王良挟策飞上天，何必俯首服短辕？
译文：这些马真该让王良挟着鞭子赶上青天，为什么要俯首拉车，留在人间？
注释：王良：《苏轼诗集》引宋人注：“王良，赵简子时御者。”《淮南子·览冥训》说王良善御马。后引申为星名。《晋书·天文志》：“王良五星，在奎北，居河中，天子奉车御官也。”“挟策飞上天”出于此。策：马鞭。辕：车前驾牲畜的直木。据《苏轼诗集》宋人注引《晋书》：“蔡漠戏王导，短辕犊车。”
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柳宗元《
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南中荣橘柚》
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杜甫《
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病马》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。