《彭衙行》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜甫
忆昔避贼初，北走经险艰。
译文：想当时躲避贼兵叛乱之初，往北逃跑经过多少艰难险阻。
注释：彭衙：在陕西白水县东北六十里，即现在的彭衙堡。
夜深彭衙道，月照白水山。
译文：夜深了还逃亡在彭衙道上，月亮照着白水山。
注释：白水山：白水县的山。杜甫于至德元载（756年）六月自白水逃难鄜州。
尽室久徒步，逢人多厚颜。
译文：全家人长途跋涉，非常狼狈，逢人难免厚颜求食，窘迫异常。
注释：多厚颜：觉得很不好意思。尽室：犹全家。
参差谷鸟吟，不见游子还。
译文：谷鸟参差啼鸣，一路荒凉，不见有逃难的人还回家。
痴女饥咬我，啼畏虎狼闻。
译文：小女儿饿得直咬我，怕小孩哭声被虎狼听到。
怀中掩其口，反侧声愈嗔。
译文：捂住她的嘴不让出声，但小孩却哭得更厉害了。
注释：反侧，挣扎。声愈嗔，声愈大。
小儿强解事，故索苦李餐。
译文：小儿子故意说要吃苦李，以示自己懂事。
注释：强解事：即所谓“强作解事”。故：故意，犹“不是故离群，“清秋燕子故飞飞”之“故”。索：索取。二句是说小儿们自以为比小妹懂事些，只要求吃些道旁的苦李，他们哪知道苦李是吃不得的呢。庾信《归田诗》：“苦李无人摘。”
一旬半雷雨，泥泞相牵攀。
译文：十天里有一半是雷雨天，全家在泥泞中相互牵扶着行走。
既无御雨备，径滑衣又寒。
译文：既没有御雨的用具，道路湿滑，因衣被雨打湿又寒冷。
注释：备：工具。衣又寒：因衣被雨打湿。
有时经契阔，竟日数里间。
译文：有时经过难走的地方，一整天只能走几里路。
注释：经契阔：是说碰到特别难走处。竟日：整天。
野果充糇粮，卑枝成屋椽。
译文：只能以野果充饥，以树下当住处。
注释：餱粮：干粮。椽：屋顶上的圆木条，这里屋椽就是屋宇的意思。
早行石上水，暮宿天边烟。
译文：早上在流水的石头上行走，晚上露宿在山中。
少留周家洼，欲出芦子关。
译文：短期逗留周家洼，想出行芦子关。
注释：周家洼：即孙宰的家。一作“同家洼”。少留：短期的逗留。杜甫初意拟挈家直达灵武行在，故欲北出芦子关。
故人有孙宰，高义薄曾云。
译文：孙宰这个老朋友，简直是义薄云天。
注释：宰：是唐人对县令的一种尊称，孙大概做过县令。
延客已曛黑，张灯启重门。
译文：在日落昏黑的时候邀请我，点好灯并打开层层门户。
暖汤濯我足，翦纸招我魂。
译文：烧热水给我洗脚，还剪纸为我全家压惊。
注释：翦：即剪。剪纸作旐，以招人魂，是古时风俗习惯，这里不必死看，认为果有此事，只是写孙宰的安慰无微不至而已。
从此出妻孥，相视涕阑干。
译文：接着又唤出妻子儿女，大家相视涕泪纵横。
注释：阑干：横斜貌，是形容涕泪之多。见得孙宰妻子也十分同情他们的遭遇。
众雏烂熳睡，唤起沾盘飧。
译文：孩子们都疲惫地睡着了，又把他们叫起来吃饭。
注释：众雏：即上痴女小几。烂熳睡：小儿睡得十分香甜的样子。沾：含感激意。飧：晚餐。
誓将与夫子，永结为弟昆。
译文：他说一定要与夫子你，永远结为兄弟。
注释：夫子，是孙宰谓杜甫。
遂空所坐堂，安居奉我欢。
译文：腾出房间，安排我一家安然住下。
谁肯艰难际，豁达露心肝。
译文：谁能够在这艰难困苦之际，表露他诚挚的情意。
别来岁月周，胡羯仍构患。
译文：别来已经满一年了，叛军还在制造灾祸。
注释：岁月周：满一年。
何当有翅翎，飞去堕尔前。
译文：怎么才能拥有翅膀，飞去落到你跟前。
注释：何当，哪得。
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朱敦儒《
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雨中花（岭南作）》
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辛弃疾《
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清平乐·谢叔良惠木犀》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。