《拟挽歌辞三首》翻译及注释
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魏晋：陶渊明
有生必有死，早终非命促。
译文：人命有生必有死，早终不算生命短。
注释：非命促：并非生命短促。意谓牛死属于自然规律，故生命并无长短之分。
昨暮同为人，今旦在鬼录。
译文：昨晚生存在世上，今晨命丧赴黄泉。
注释：昨暮：昨晚。同为人：指还活在世上。今旦：今晨。在鬼录：列入鬼的名册，指死去。
魂气散何之，枯形寄空木。
译文：游魂飘散在何处？枯稿尸身存木棺。
注释：魂气：指人的精神意识。散何之：散归何处。枯形：枯槁的尸体。奇空木：安放于棺木之中。
娇儿索父啼，良友抚我哭。
译文：娇儿找父伤心啼，好友痛哭灵柩前。
注释：索：寻找。
得失不复知，是非安能觉！
译文：死去不知得与失，哪还会有是非感？
千秋万岁后，谁知荣与辱？
译文：千秋万岁身后事，荣辱怎能记心间？
注释：千秋万岁：千年万年，形容岁月长久。
但恨在世时，饮酒不得足。
译文：只恨今生在世时，饮酒不足太遗憾。
在昔无酒饮，今但湛空觞。
译文：生前贫困无酒饮，今日奠酒盛满觞。
注释：湛空觞：是说往日的空酒杯中，如今盛满了澄清的奠酒。
春醪生浮蚁，何时更能尝！
译文：春酒清香浮泡沫，何时能再得品尝！
注释：春醪：春酒。浮蚁：酒面上的泡沫。
肴案盈我前，亲旧哭我旁。
译文：佳肴满案摆面前，亲友痛哭在我旁。
注释：肴案：指摆在供桌上的盛满肉食的木盘。肴：荤菜。案：古代进食用的一种短脚木盘。盈：指摆满。
欲语口无音，欲视眼无光。
译文：想要发言口无声，想要睁眼目无光。
昔在高堂寝，今宿荒草乡；
译文：往日安寝在高堂，如今长眠荒草乡。
注释：荒草乡：指荒草丛生的坟地。
一朝出门去，归来夜未央。
译文：一朝归葬出门去，想再归来没指望。
注释：出门去：指出殡。夜未央：未有尽头，遥遥无期。良：确，诚。
荒草何茫茫，白杨亦萧萧。
译文：茫茫荒野草枯黄，萧瑟秋风抖白杨。
注释：何：何其，多么。茫茫：无边无际的样子。萧萧：风吹树木声。
严霜九月中，送我出远郊。
译文：已是寒霜九月中。亲人送我远郊葬。
注释：严霜：寒霜，浓霜。送我出远郊：指出殡送葬。
四面无人居，高坟正嶣峣。
译文：四周寂寞无人烟，坟墓高高甚凄凉。
注释：无人居：指荒无人烟。嶣峣：高耸的样子。
马为仰天鸣，风为自萧条。
译文：马为仰天长悲鸣，风为萧瑟作哀响。
注释：马：指拉灵枢丧车的马。
幽室一已闭，千年不复朝。
译文：墓穴已闭成幽暗，永远不能见曙光。
注释：幽室：指墓穴。朝：早晨，天亮。
千年不复朝，贤达无奈何。
译文：永远不能见曙光，贤达同样此下场。
注释：贤达：古时指有道德学问的人。无奈何：无可奈何，没有办法。指皆不免此运。
向来相送人，各自还其家。
译文：刚才送葬那些人，各自还家入其房。
注释：向：先时，刚才。各自还其家：《文选》作“各已归其家”，兹从逯本。
亲戚或余悲，他人亦已歌。
译文：亲戚或许还悲哀，他人早忘已欢唱。
注释：已歌：已经在欢快地歌了。是说人们早已忘了死者，不再有悲哀。
死去何所道，托体同山阿(ē)。
译文：死去还有何话讲，寄托此身在山冈。
注释：何所道：还有什么可说的呢。托体：寄身。山阿：山陵。
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沈约《
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冬节后至丞相第诣世子车中作》
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晏殊《
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木兰花·燕鸿过后莺归去》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。