《答司马谏议书》翻译及注释
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宋代：王安石
某启：
译文： 鄙人王安石请启：
注释： 某：自称。启：写信说明事情。
昨日蒙教，窃以为与君实游处相好之日久，而议事每不合，所操之术多异故也。虽欲强聒，终必不蒙见察，故略上报，不复一一自辨。重念蒙君实视遇厚，于反复不宜卤莽，故今具道所以，冀君实或见恕也。
译文： 昨天承蒙（您来信）指教，我私下认为与君实您交往相好的日子很久了，但是议论起政事来（意见）常常不一致，（这是因为我们）所持的政治主张和方法大多不同的缘故啊。虽然想要（向您）硬啰嗦几句，（但）终究一定（是）不能蒙受（您）考虑（我的意见），所以（我）只是简单地给您写了封回信，不再一一为自己辩解了。再三考虑君实对我的重视厚遇，在书信往来上不应该粗疏草率，所以现在详细地说出我这样做的理由，希望您或许能够宽恕我吧。
注释： 蒙教：承蒙指教。这里指接到来信。窃：私．私自。这里用作谦词。君实：司马光的字。古人写信称对方的字以示尊敬。游处：同游共处，即同事交往的意思。操：持，使用。术：方法，主张。强聒（guō）：硬在耳边哕嗦，强作解说。聒：语声嘈杂。略：简略。上报：给您写。回信：指王安石接到司马光第一封来信后的简答。重（chóng）念：再三想想。视遇厚：看重的意思，视遇：看待。反覆：指书信往来。卤莽：简慢无礼。具道：详细说明。所以：原委。冀（jì）：希望。
盖儒者所争，尤在名实，名实已明，而天下之理得矣。今君实所以见教者，以为侵官、生事、征利、拒谏，以致天下怨谤也。某则以谓：受命于人主，议法度而修之于朝廷，以授之于有司，不为侵官；举先王之政，以兴利除弊，不为生事；为天下理财，不为征利；辟邪说，难壬人，不为拒谏。至于怨诽之多，则固前知其如此也。
译文： 有学问的读书人所争论的问题，特别注重于名义和实际（是否相符）。如果名义和实际的关系已经明确了，那么天下的大道理也就清晰了。现在君实您用来指教我的，是认为我（推行新法）侵夺了官吏们的职权，制造了事端，争夺了百姓的财利，拒绝接受不同的意见，因而招致天下人的怨恨和诽谤。我却认为从皇帝那里接受命令，议订法令制度，又在朝廷上修正（决定），把它交给负有专责的官吏（去执行），（这）不能算是侵夺官权；实行古代贤明君主的政策，用它来兴办（对天下）有利的事业、消除（种种）弊病，（这）不能算是制造事端；为天下治理整顿财政，（这）不能算是（与百姓）争夺财利；抨击不正确的言论，驳斥巧辩的坏人，（这）不能算是拒绝接受（他人的）规劝。至于（社会上对我的）那么多怨恨和诽谤，那是我本来早就料到它会这样的。
注释： 儒者：这里泛指一般封建士大夫。名实：名义和实际。怨谤（bàng）：怨恨，指责。人主：皇帝。这里指宋神宗赵顼。议法度：讨论、审定国家的法令制度。修：修订。有司：负有专责的官员。举：推行。辟邪说：驳斥错误的言论。辟，驳斥，排除。难（nàn）：责难。壬（rén）人：佞人，指巧辩谄媚之人。固：本来。前：预先。
人习于苟且非一日，士大夫多以不恤国事、同俗自媚于众为善，上乃欲变此，而某不量敌之众寡，欲出力助上以抗之，则众何为而不汹汹然？盘庚之迁，胥怨者民也，非特朝廷士大夫而已。盘庚不为怨者故改其度，度义而后动，是而不见可悔故也。如君实责我以在位久，未能助上大有为，以膏泽斯民，则某知罪矣；如曰今日当一切不事事，守前所为而已，则非某之所敢知。
译文： 人们习惯于苟且偷安、得过且过（已）不是一天（的事）了。士大夫们多数把不顾国家大事、附和世俗（的见解），向众人献媚讨好当做好事，（因而）皇上才要改变这种（不良）风气，那么我不去估量反对者的多少，想拿出（自己的）力量帮助皇上来抵制这股势力，（这样一来）那么那些人又为什么不（对我）大吵大闹呢？盘庚迁都（的时候），连老百姓都抱怨啊，（并）不只是朝廷上的士大夫（加以反对）；盘庚不因为有人怨恨的缘故就改变自己的计划；（这是他）考虑到（迁都）合理，然后坚决行动；认为对（就）看不出有什么可以后悔的缘故啊。如果君实您责备我是因为（我）在位任职很久，没能帮助皇上干一番大事业，使这些老百姓得到好处，那么我承认（自己是）有罪的；如果说现在应该什么事都不去做，墨守前人的陈规旧法就是了，那就不是我敢领教的了。
注释： 恤（xù）：关心。同俗自媚于众：指附和世俗的见解，向众人献媚讨好。上：皇上。这里指宋神宗赵顼。乃：却。抗：抵制，斗争。之：代词，指上文所说的“士大夫”。汹汹然：吵闹、叫嚷的样子。盘庚：商朝中期的一个君主。商朝原来建都在黄河以北的奄（今山东曲阜），常有水灾。为了摆脱政治上的困境和自然灾害，盘庚即位后，决定迁都到殷（今河南安阳西北）。这一决定曾遭到全国上下的怨恨反对。后来，盘庚发表文告说服了他们，完成了迁都计划。事见《尚书·盘庚》。胥（xū）怨：全都抱怨。胥：皆。改其度：改变他原来的计划。度（duó）义：考虑是否合理。度：考虑，这里用作动词。是：这里用作动词，意谓认为做得对。膏泽：施加恩惠．这里用作动词。一切不事事：什么事都不做。事事，做事。前一“事”字是动词，后一“事”字是名词。守前所为：墨守前人的作法。所敢知：愿意领教的。知，领教。
无由会晤，不任区区向往之至。
译文： 没有机会（与您）见面，内心实在仰慕到极点。
注释： 不任（rén）区区向往之至：意谓私心不胜仰慕。这是旧时写信的客套语。不任，不胜，受不住，形容情意的深重。区区，小，这里指自己，自谦词。向往，仰慕。
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王安石《
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答司马谏议书》
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鲁迅《
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烟水寻常事》
王安石简介
唐代·王安石的简介
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王安石（1021年12月18日－1086年5月21日），字介甫，号半山，谥文，封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族，北宋抚州临川人（今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人），中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家，唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石：“翰林风月三千首，吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在，后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅，词虽不多，但亦擅长，且有名作《桂枝香》等。而王荆公最得世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。”