《怨诗楚调示庞主簿邓治中》翻译及注释
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魏晋：陶渊明
天道幽且远，鬼神茫昧然。
译文：天道幽深而玄远，鬼神之事渺难算。
注释：怨诗楚调：汉代乐府《相和歌》中有《楚调曲》，《楚调曲》中有《怨诗行》，简称怨诗。庞主簿：指庞遵，字通之，诗人的朋友。古代官府，上自御史府，下至州县，都有主簿一官，职掌簿书。邓治中：其人名字与事迹不详，亦为诗人之友。汉置治中从事史，简称治中，为州之佐史。居中治史，主众曹文书，故名治中。“天道”二句：是说鬼神之事渺茫难知。天道：天理。
结发念善事，僶俛六九年。
译文：年少已知心向善，五十四岁犹勤勉。
注释：结发：束发，指十五岁。此处指青年时。善事：做好事。僶俛：勤奋努力。六九年：五十四岁。
弱冠逢世阻，始室丧其偏。
译文：二十岁上遭时乱，三十丧妻我独鳏。
注释：弱冠：指二十岁。其时体尤未壮，故称弱冠。逢世阻：陶渊明年轻时，时局非常混乱，前秦曾大举入寇，江西一带又遭遇饥荒，所以说“逢世阻”。始室：三十岁。丧其偏：古代死去丈夫或妻子称为偏丧，这里指丧妻。
炎火屡焚如，螟蜮恣中田。
译文：旱天烈日似火烧，害虫肆虐在田间。
注释：“炎火”句：此句是说，酷热的阳光老是像火一样的燃烧。指遭到了旱灾。螟（míng）蜮（yù）：螟和蜮是危害禾苗的两种害虫。泛指害虫。恣中田：在田里肆意为害。
风雨纵横至，收敛不盈廛。
译文：风雨交加来势猛，收获不足纳税钱。
注释：廛：古时一户占用地。不盈廛：不满室。谓所收获粮食不多。
夏日长抱饥，寒夜无被眠。
译文：夏日缺粮长饥饿，冬夜无被受冻寒；
注释：长抱饥：一作“抱饥长”。夏日长，抱饥时间也长。
造夕思鸡鸣，及晨愿乌迁。
译文：夜幕降临盼天亮，日出却愿日落山。
注释：造：至。乌：指太阳。相传日中有三足鸟，故称太阳为金乌。
在己何怨天，离忧凄目前。
译文：我命自苦难怨天，遭受忧患心熬煎。
注释：离忧：遭遇到忧患。
吁嗟身后名，于我若浮烟。
译文：死后名声何足叹，在我视之如云烟。
注释：名：名声。当时陶渊明已有高隐之名。
慷慨独悲歌，锺期信为贤。
译文：慷慨悲歌孤独心，唯有知音晓哀怨。
注释：锺期：即钟子期，春秋时楚人，是伯牙的知音朋友。《列子汤问》：”伯牙鼓琴，志在高山，钟子期曰：“峨峨然若泰山”；志在流水，曰：“洋洋然若江河”。子期死，伯牙绝弦，以无知音者。”这里用以指庞主簿、邓治中，意思是说他们一定也能像钟子期那样体会到这“悲歌”的含义。信：诚然。
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陶渊明《
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怨诗楚调示庞主簿邓治中》
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李涉《
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题鹤林寺僧舍》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。