《草堂》翻译及注释
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唐代：杜甫
昔我去草堂，蛮夷塞成都。
译文：宝应元年我离开草堂时，蛮夷正充斥成都城。
注释：去：言离开。蛮夷：指徐知道叛乱是纠集的川西羌兵。塞：犹言充斥。
今我归草堂，成都适无虞。
译文：而今我返回草堂，正值成都安定无忧之际。
注释：归：言返回。虞：忧患。
请陈初乱时，反复乃须臾。
译文：让我陈述最初叛乱的情况，徐知道叛乱好像是转眼之间的事情。
注释：陈：陈述。初乱时：宝应元年，七月徐知道叛乱初起时。反复：指叛乱。
大将赴朝廷，群小起异图。
译文：因大将被召回朝廷，这伙群小便乘机窃据成都谋反。
注释：大将：指严武，当时他任成都尹兼剑南节度使。群小：指徐知道及其同伙。
中宵斩白马，盟歃气已粗。
译文：半夜斩白马盟誓，气势凌人。
注释：中宵：半夜。气已粗：气势凌人。
西取邛南兵，北断剑阁隅。
译文：并西联邛州之南的羌兵以虚张声势，北断剑阁要道以抗拒长安王师。
注释：邛南：邛州（今四川邛嵊县）以南一带，当时为内附羌夷居所，知道引之为乱。
布衣数十人，亦拥专城居。
译文：数十个跟随徐知道作乱的人，虽无官职，却也占城为王，独当一面了。
注释：布衣：指跟徐知道反叛之平民。专城：指任主宰一城的州牧、太守等地方长官。
其势不两大，始闻蕃汉殊。
译文：但徐知道手下的人与羌夷头目各自争长，互不相让，并且蕃、汉殊情，以致叛乱后发生内讧。
注释：两大：两者并大。蕃汉殊：蕃，汉不和而内讧。
西卒却倒戈，贼臣互相诛。
译文：结果发生了羌夷兵的倒戈，叛乱魁首们彼此互相残杀。
注释：西卒：指李忠厚统帅的邛南羌兵。
焉知肘腋祸，自及枭獍徒。
译文：哪知祸起腋下，徐知道被自己部下所杀。
注释：焉知：哪知。枭獍：在古典诗文中，常用来比喻狠恶忘恩的人。
义士皆痛愤，纪纲乱相逾。
译文：当时主持正义的人对叛乱这都很愤恨，因为他们使国家的法纪政纲受到了破坏。
注释：义士：指当时倡议讨乱者。纪纲：指封建王朝的法纪，政纲。逾：越轨，引申为破坏。
一国实三公，万人欲为鱼。
译文：徐知道手下的李忠厚辈均拥兵自立，百姓成了各种势力头目们所宰割的鱼肉。
唱和作威福，孰肯辨无辜。
译文：这伙群小竞相作威作福，谁肯为无辜受害的平民辩解呢。
注释：唱和：此唱彼和。作威：恣意杀戮。福：穷奢极欲。辜：罪也。
眼前列杻械，背后吹笙竽。
译文：他们还一方面残害百姓，一方面寻欢作乐。
注释：杻械：刑具。在手为杻，在足为械，即脚镣手铐。
谈笑行杀戮，溅血满长衢。
译文：他们在谈笑间滥杀百姓，长街上溅满了无辜百姓的鲜血。
到今用钺地，风雨闻号呼。
译文：在他们行刑的地方，甚至风雨之时还可以听到冤魂的哀嚎声。
注释：用钺：指杀人。“钺”，古代兵器，方形圆刃，持以砍伐。
鬼妾与鬼马，色悲充尔娱。
译文：被杀害之人留下的妻子、马匹为贼徒占有，这些遗孀甚至马匹还要含着内心的悲痛供其取乐。
注释：色悲：言面带悲色。尔：你，你们。此指乘徐知道叛乱中，假平乱诛逆为名而为非作歹之徒。娱：谓含悲供人取乐。
国家法令在，此又足惊吁。
译文：国家法纪何在？实在令人不甚叹息！
贱子且奔走，三年望东吴。
译文：我只得奔走于梓、阆之间，三年中都想离蜀而去东吴。
注释：贱子：杜甫自称。三年：指宝应元年至广德二年，杜甫逃离成都，往来梓、阆间，凡三年。
弧矢暗江海，难为游五湖。
译文：由于那里也有战乱，结果竟难以成行。
注释：弧矢：犹弓箭，喻战乱。五湖：指江苏太湖一带，古为吴地。
不忍竟舍此，复来剃榛芜。
译文：我不忍舍弃这间花草堂，回来要除杂草杂木，重整庭院和药栏。
注释：舍：放弃。榛芜：丛生的荆棘野草。
入门四松在，步屟万竹疏。
译文：入门见四颗小松树尚在，我漫步于万竿疏竹之中。
注释：步屟：著屐散步。疏：疏朗。一解，林间空地。
旧犬喜我归，低徊入衣裾。
译文：往日养的家犬喜我久别乍归，它常情热的低回在我的身旁。
注释：低徊：徘徊留恋貌。衣裾：衣腋下摆。
邻舍喜我归，酤酒携胡芦。
译文：邻居喜我归来，拿着葫芦买酒准备与我畅饮。
注释：酤酒：买酒。
大官喜我来，遣骑问所须。
译文：大官严武喜我久别乍归，就遣人骑马来问我需要什么东西。
注释：大官：指严武。骑：指跨马使者。
城郭喜我来，宾客隘村墟。
译文：城郭间的邻人喜我久别乍归，他们来探视、问候我的人，简直挤满了整个村墟。
注释：城郭：指城郭间邻人。隘：阻塞。
天下尚未宁，健儿胜腐儒。
译文：天下尚不得安宁的今天，当兵的都胜过迂腐的书生。
注释：腐儒：迂腐的书生，实指杜甫自己。
飘摇风尘际，何地置老夫。
译文：在这动荡不安的战乱年代里，何处可安置我这个老头呢？
注释：飘摇：形容时局的动荡不安。
于时见疣赘，骨髓幸未枯。
译文：我真的成了多余的人，所幸的是还算活了下来。
饮啄愧残生，食薇不敢馀。
译文：我既无用于世，在此余生里一饮一啄已感到惭愧，所以甘于清苦生活，不敢有所奢求。
注释：饮啄：此处杜甫以禽鸟自比，言个人要饮食。食薇：吃野菜。“薇”，野草名，高二三尺，嫩时可食，常采以充饥。
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辛弃疾《
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送剑与傅岩叟》
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朱彝尊《
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解佩令·自题词集》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。