《临终诗》翻译及注释
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魏晋：孔融
言多令事败，器漏苦不密。
译文：言语多了会导致事情失败，容器漏水是由于它不严密。
注释：临终诗：临终之时所作的时，也叫绝命诗。言多令事败：孔融“坐上客常满，樽中酒不空”，常对宾客高谈阔论，并数与曹操争执（见《后汉书》本传），遂被曹操党羽郗虑罗织罪名下狱，此即所谓“言多令事败”也。令，使。“事败”，指被捕下狱。器：用具，这里指容器。苦：苦于。不密：指容器的缝隙处相接不紧密。
河溃蚁孔端，山坏由猿穴。
译文：河堤溃决从蚂蚁在堤上筑巢开始，山陵崩坏从猿猴逃散可以看出。
注释：河溃：河堤崩溃。蚁孔：蚂蚁穴。端：开头，引申为缘由。坏：崩塌，倾倒。
涓涓江汉流，天窗通冥室。
译文：缓缓细流可汇成长江、汉水，明亮的天窗可把幽深的暗室照亮。
注释：涓涓：细水流动的样子。天窗：屋顶上用以通风、采光的窗。冥室：光线很暗的房间。冥，昏暗。
谗邪害公正，浮云翳白日。
译文：说坏话和不正派会危害公正，漂浮的云彩能遮蔽住天空的太阳。
注释：谗邪：指喜搞谗诽邪行的人。翳：遮蔽。
靡辞无忠诚，华繁竟不实。
译文：华丽的言辞不会有丝毫的诚意，外表华丽纷繁不会有实际的内容。
注释：靡辞：华丽的言辞。华：同“花”，花多而不结实，即华而不实。竟：终。
人有两三心，安能合为一。
译文：几个人有几条心，又怎能把它们合在一起。
注释：两三心：三心二意，心不齐。此谓人们对维护汉室不是忠贞不二。安能合为一：《易·系辞上》：“二人同心，其利断金。”此反其意而用之。
三人成市虎，浸渍解胶漆。
译文：三个人谎报市上有虎，听者也就信以为真；胶漆长期浸泡在水里，也会解脱掉的。
注释：三人成市虎：谓集市内本来无虎，由于传说的人多，便令人信以为真。此比喻说的人一多，就能使人认假为真。浸渍（zì）：浸泡。解：溶解，分解。胶漆：胶水和油漆。
生存多所虑，长寝万事毕。
译文：一个人活在世上，所忧虑的事情实在太多；只有长眠不醒，才会对万事毫无知觉。
注释：虑：思虑，忧愁。长寝：即长眠，指死亡。
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陶渊明《
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悲从弟仲德》
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李白《
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鸣皋歌送岑徵君》
孔融简介
唐代·孔融的简介
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孔融（153－208），字文举，鲁国（治今山东曲阜）人，东汉文学家，“建安七子”之首。家学渊源，是孔子的二十世孙，太山都尉孔宙之子。少有异才，勤奋好学，与平原陶丘洪、陈留边让并称俊秀。献帝即位后任北军中侯、虎贲中郎将、北海相，时称孔北海。在郡六年，修城邑，立学校，举贤才，表儒术。建安元年（196），征还为将作大匠，迁少府，又任大中大夫。性好宾客，喜抨议时政，言辞激烈，后因触怒曹操，为曹操所杀。能诗善文。散文锋利简洁，代表作是《荐祢衡表》。六言诗反映了汉末动乱的现实。原有文集已散佚，明人辑有《孔北海集》。