《日喻》翻译及注释
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宋代：苏轼
生而眇者不识日，问之有目者。或告之曰：“日之状如铜盘。”扣槃而得其声，他日闻钟，以为日也。或告之曰：“日之光如烛。”扪烛而得其形，他日揣樾，以为日也。日之与钟、龠亦远矣，而眇者不知其异，以其未尝见而求之人也。
译文： 一出生就双目失明的人不认识太阳，问看得见的人太阳是什么样子。有的人告诉他说：“太阳的样子像铜盘。”这个失明的人敲铜盘听到了它的声音，一天听到钟声，就把发出声音的钟当做了太阳。有的人告诉他说：“太阳的光像蜡烛。”失明的人用手摸蜡烛，晓得了它的形状。一天，摸到一支形状像蜡烛的乐器龠，就把它当做了太阳。
注释： 日喻：关于太阳的比喻。眇：瞎子。樾：笛类乐器，比笛短，有七孔、三孔等说。
道之难见也甚于日，而人之未达也，无以异于眇。达者告之，虽有巧譬善导，亦无以过于槃与烛也。自盘而之钟，自烛而之龠，转而相之，岂有既乎？故世之言道者，或即其所见而名之，或莫之见而意之，皆求道之过也。
译文： 太阳和钟、龠的差别太大了，但是天生双目失明的人却不知道它们之间有很大的差别，因为他不曾亲眼看见，而是向他人求得关于太阳的知识。抽象的道理很难被认识，这一点比太阳难认识的情况更加严重，人们不通晓抽象的道理的情况，和生来就不认识太阳的盲人没有什么不同。通晓的人告诉他，即使有巧妙的比喻和很好的启发诱导，也无法使这些比喻或教法比用铜盘和用蜡烛来说明太阳的比喻或教法好。从用铜盘比喻太阳到把铜钟当做太阳，从把铜钟当做太阳而到把乐器龠当做太阳，像这样辗转连续地推导，难道还有个完吗？所以人世上大谈“道”的人，有的就他自己的理解来阐明它，有的没有理解它却主观猜度它，这都是研求“道”的弊病。
然则道卒不可求欤？苏子曰：“道可致而不可求。”何谓致？孙武曰：“善战者致人，不致于人。”子夏曰：“百工居肆，以成其事，君子学以致其道。”莫之求而自至，斯以为致也欤？
译文： 既然如此，那么这个“道”最终不可能求得吗？苏轼说：“道能够通过自己的虚心学习，循序渐进使其自然来到，但不能不学而强求它。”那么什么叫做自然来到呢？孙武说：“会作战的将军能招致敌人，而不被敌人所招致，不使自己处于被动的境地。”子夏说：“各行各业的手艺人坐在店铺作坊里，完成他们制造和出售产品的业务。有才德的人刻苦学习，来使道自然到来。”不是强求它而使它自己到来！
注释： 苏子：苏轼自称。子夏：卜商，字子夏，孔子弟子。
南方多没人，日与水居也，七岁而能涉，十岁而能浮，十五而能浮没矣。夫没者岂苟然哉？必将有得于水之道者。日与水居，则十五而得其道；生不识水，则虽壮，见舟而畏之。故北方之勇者，问于没人，而求其所以浮没矣，以其言试之河，未有不溺者也。故凡不学而务求道，皆北方之学没者也。
译文： 南方有很多会潜水的人，他们天天都生活在水边，七岁就能趟水过河，十岁就能浮在水面游泳，十五岁就能潜入水里了。潜水的人能长时间地潜入水里，哪里是马虎草率而能这样的呢？一定是对水的活动规律有所领悟才能做到。天天生活在水边，那么十五岁就能掌握它的规律。生来不识水性，那么即使到了壮年，见到了船也会害怕。所以北方的勇士，向南方会潜水的人询问来求得他们能潜入水里的技术，按照他们说的技术到河里试验，没有不淹死的。所以凡是不老老实实地刻苦学习而专力强求道的，都是像北方的学潜水的人一样。
注释： 没人：能潜入深水的人。
昔者以声律取士，士杂学而不志于道；今者以经术取士，士求道而不务学。渤海吴君彦律，有志于学者也，方求举于礼部，作《日喻》以告之。
译文： 从前以讲究声律的诗赋择取人才，所以读书人学习儒家、墨家还兼及名家、法家，而不是立志在求儒家之道；现在以经学择取人才，所以读书人只知道强求义理，而不是踏踏实实地学。渤海人吴彦律，是有志对经学做实实在在地学习的人，正要到京城接受由礼部主管的进士考试，因此，写《日喻》来勉励他。
注释： 渤海：唐代郡名，在今山东滨县一代。
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欧阳修《
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菱溪石记》
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苏辙《
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六国论》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。