《蓝田县丞厅壁记》翻译及注释
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唐代：韩愈
丞之职所以贰令，于一邑无所不当问。其下主簿、尉，主簿、尉乃有分职。丞位高而逼，例以嫌不可否事。文书行，吏抱成案诣丞，卷其前，钳以左手，右手摘纸尾，雁鹜行以进，平立睨丞曰：“当署。”丞涉笔占位，署惟谨，目吏，问：“可不可？”吏曰：“得。”则退。不敢略省，漫不知何事。官虽尊，力势反出主簿、尉下。谚数慢，必曰“丞”。至以相訾謷。丞之设，岂端使然哉？
译文： 县丞一职是用以辅佐县令的，对于一县的政事没有什么不应过问。其下是主簿、尉，主薄和尉才各有专职。县丞的地位高于主簿、尉，逼近县令，照例为了避嫌疑而对公事不加可否。在公文发出之前，吏胥怀抱已拟成的案卷，到丞那儿去，卷起前面的内容，用左手夹住，右手摘出纸尾签名处，像鹅和鸭那样摇摇摆摆地进来，直立斜视，对县丞说：“您还要署一下名。”县丞拿笔望着应由自己署名的位置，谨慎地签上名字。抬头望着小吏，问：“可以了吗？”小吏说：“就这样。”然后退下。县丞不敢稍稍了解一下公文的内容，茫然不知道是什么事情。官位虽较高，实权和势力反而在主簿、尉之下。民间谚语列举闲散多余的官职，一定说到县丞，甚至把丞作为相互谩骂的话。设立县丞一职。难道本意就是如此吗？
注释： 蓝田县：唐代属中道京兆府，今属陕西西安市。壁记：在大厅前后墙壁上记载官职设置及变迁，表彰前任，以励来者，因而有作记的文体。丞：县丞。贰（èr）：副贰、辅佐。文中作动词用。令：县令。唐代制度，京都旁的各县称为畿县（蓝田即为畿县），置令一人，丞一人。主簿、尉：均为县令、县丞之下的官职。县署内设录事、司功、司仓、司户、司兵、司法、司士七司，主簿领录事司，负诸司总责。尉主地方治安。分职：分理诸司，各有专职。丞位高而逼：县丞官位高于主薄、尉，如果真的管起来，很容易侵犯县令的权力。逼：迫近，侵迫。例以嫌不可否事：按照惯例为了避嫌疑而对公事不表示意见。文书行：在传布公文的时候。行：传布。成案：已成的案卷。公文由主管各司拟稿，经县令最后判行，成为定案。诣（yì）：到。卷其前：卷起公文的前面部分。意即吏不需要丞知道公文的内容。钳（qián）以左手：用左手夹住（卷起的部分）。钳：用手指夹住。右手摘纸尾：用右手摘出纸尾。摘：拣出某一块地位的意思。雁鹜（wù）行：指一种走路姿态，即鹅行鸭步之意。一说，雁鹜就是鹅和鸭子。平立：站着。睨（nì）：斜视。涉笔：动笔。占位：看着应当署名的地方。惟谨：很谨慎。惟：发语助词。略省：稍稍了解一下。漫：完全。数：数说，列举。慢：散慢，无关紧要，文中指闲散官职。訾（zǐ）謷（áo）：诋毁。丞之设，岂端使然哉：设立县丞一职，难道本意就是如此吗？端：本。
博陵崔斯立，种学绩文，以蓄其有，泓涵演迤，日大以肆。贞元初，挟其能战艺于京师，再进再屈千人。元和初，以前大理评事言得失黜官，再转而为丞兹邑。始至，喟曰：“官无卑，顾材不足塞职。”既噤不得施用，又喟曰：“丞哉，丞哉！余不负丞，而丞负余。”则尽枿去牙角，一蹑故迹，破崖岸而为之。
译文： 博陵人崔斯立，勤学苦练，以积累学问，他的学问包容宏深，境界广阔，每天都有长进，并且逐步显露出来。贞元初年，他怀藏本领，在京城与人较量文艺，两次得中，两次折服众人。元和初年。他任大理评事，因为上疏论朝政得失而被贬官，经过两次迁谪，来到这里做县丞。刚到时，他叹息说：“官无大小，只怕自己的能力不能称职。”在只能闭口无言无所作为的现实面前，他又感慨地说：“县丞啊，县丞啊，我没有对不起县丞，县丞却对不起我！”于是完全去掉棱角，一概按照旧例，平平庸庸地去做这县丞。
注释： 博陵：地名，在今河北蠡县南。崔斯立：名立之，字斯立，生平不详，作者好友。种学绩文：以耕田织布为比喻，说崔斯立勤学苦练，学有根柢。绩：缉麻。以蓄其有：以积累学术修养。泓（hóng）涵演迤（yí）：包孕宏深，境界广阔。日大以肆：每天都有进步，并且渐渐显露出来。贞元：唐德宗年号（—年）。战艺：以文艺与人较量，指应试。再进：崔斯立于贞元四年（年）登进士第，贞元六年（年）中博学宏词科。再屈千人：两次战胜众人。底本原作“再屈于人”，出人头地的意思。两说皆通，此据他本。元和：唐宪宗年号（—年）。大理评事：官名，掌刑法，属大理寺，上有卿、少卿、正、丞。言得失：上疏论朝政得失。黜（chù）官：被贬官。再转：经过两次迁谪。官无卑：官职不论大小。顾：只是。塞职：称职。噤（jìn）：闭口不言。枿（niè）去牙角：去掉牙和角。枿：同“蘖”，绝。一蹑（niè）故迹：完全按照过去的样子。蹑：踩。崖岸：比喻原则。
丞厅故有记，坏漏污不可读。斯立易桷与瓦，墁治壁，悉书前任人名氏。庭有老槐四行，南墙巨竹千梃，俨立若相持，水㶁㶁循除鸣。斯立痛扫溉，对树二松，日吟哦其间。有问者，辄对曰：“余方有公事，子姑去。”考功郎中知制诰韩愈记。
译文： 县丞的办公处原来刻有一篇壁记，但房屋损坏漏水而遭污损，已无法阅读。崔斯立为之换椽易瓦，粉刷墙壁，将前任县丞的名氏全部写上。庭院里有老槐四行，南墙有大竹千株，昂首挺立，好像互不相下，水声汩汩绕庭阶而鸣。崔斯立把厅屋里外打扫干净，种上两棵相对的松树，每日在庭中吟诗。有人问他，他就回答说：“我正有公事，您暂请离开这里。”考功郎中知制诰韩愈记。
注释： 桷（jué）：方椽。墁（màn）：涂壁的工具。这里作动词用，为涂抹。悉书：全部写上。梃（tǐng）：枚，棵。底本作“挺”，此据他本。俨立：昂首挺立。㶁（guó）：水声。除：庭阶。痛扫溉：彻底洒扫。吟哦：吟诗。底本无“吟”字，此据他本。考功郎中：官名，属吏部，掌内外文武官吏之考课。知制诰（gào）：官名，负责起草皇帝行下的诏敕策命，一般由中书省舍人担任。作者是以考功郎中兼知制诰。
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纪昀《
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河中石兽》
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欧阳修《
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画舫斋记》
韩愈简介
唐代·韩愈的简介
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韩愈（768～824）字退之，唐代文学家、哲学家、思想家，河阳（今河南省焦作孟州市）人，汉族。祖籍河北昌黎，世称韩昌黎。晚年任吏部侍郎，又称韩吏部。谥号“文”，又称韩文公。他与柳宗元同为唐代古文运动的倡导者，主张学习先秦两汉的散文语言，破骈为散，扩大文言文的表达功能。宋代苏轼称他“文起八代之衰”，明人推他为唐宋八大家之首，与柳宗元并称“韩柳”，有“文章巨公”和“百代文宗”之名，作品都收在《昌黎先生集》里。韩愈在思想上是中国“道统”观念的确立者，是尊儒反佛的里程碑式人物。