《戕竹记》翻译及注释
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宋代：欧阳修
洛最多竹，樊圃棋错。包箨榯笋之赢，岁尚十数万缗，坐安侯利，宁肯为渭川下。然其治水庸，任土物，简历芟养，率须谨严。家必有小斋闲馆在亏蔽间，宾欲赏，辄腰舆以入，不问辟疆，恬无怪让也。以是名其俗，为好事。
译文： 洛阳最多的是竹子，竹园星罗棋布。光是竹笋、竹竿的盈利，每年就不下十余万缗钱，等于坐得千户侯的利禄，其收入不在富庶的渭川流域之下。但是，竹园里打堰灌水，养土施肥，育苗选材，修剪培养等工作，都必须严谨细致，认真从事。在竹林深处的空地上，家家有精巧雅致的亭舍，客人要想游赏，都可以坐小轿，径直而人，不必事先征得主人的同意，主人亦不在意，对此不会感到奇怪和发出责难。因此，洛阳种竹赏竹的风俗也出名了，都把它当作一件好事。
注释： 戕（qiāng）：砍伐。樊圃：竹园。棋错：星罗棋布，多的意思。箨：包着的竹笋的皮。榯笋：竖立的竹笋。榯，直立。缗：原指穿铜钱用的绳子，这里指用绳子穿连成串的铜钱，每缗一千文，即一贯钱。渭川：指渭水流域。庸：通“墉”，水堰。简历：选择。芟：删除，修剪。亏蔽：指竹林深处遮蔽的空地。腰舆：古代的一种便轿。辟疆：顾辟疆。这里代指竹园所有者。
壬申之秋，人吏率持镰斧，亡公私谁何，且戕且桴，不竭不止。守都出令：有敢隐一毫为私，不与公上急病，服王官为慢，齿王民为悖。如是累日，地榛园秃，下亡有啬色少见于颜间者，由是知其民之急上。
译文： 壬申年秋天，官府纷纷率人拿着镰刀斧头，不论是公家的，还是私人的，竹林的主人是谁，一律砍伐，不伐尽不止。西京留守发出严令：敢隐瞒丝毫的即为私藏，将按照不服从官家急需治罪，当官的被看作是对朝廷的怠惰不敬，当百姓的则被看作是叛逆不道。这样一来，数日以后，土地荒芜了，竹园光秃了。老百姓的脸上却看不到一点吝惜的神情，由此可知，洛阳的百姓是急供朝廷所需的。
注释： 壬申：即北宋明道元年（年）。亡：通“无”，不论。桴：鼓槌，这里作动词用，指砍伐。守都：这里指河南府治洛阳的主管官，即西京留守。服王官：指做官的。慢：怠慢。齿王民：指做百姓的。悖：叛逆。榛：荒芜。
噫！古者伐山林，纳材苇，惟是地物之美，必登王府，以经于用。不供谓之畔废，不时谓之暴殄。今土宇广斥，赋入委叠；上益笃俭，非有广居盛囿之侈。县官材用，顾不衍溢朽蠹，而一有非常，敛取无艺。意者营饰像庙过差乎！《书》不云：“不作无益害有益。”又曰：“君子节用而爱人。”天子有司所当朝夕谋虑，守官与道，不可以忽也。推类而广之，则竹事犹末。
译文： 唉，古时砍伐山木，交纳木材芦苇，只是把地产的好东西，送到官府，以准备充当一定的用途。不供给就叫做叛逆犯上，不按时令砍伐征收，就叫做随意糟蹋。现在大宋王朝疆域广大，赋税收入积聚众多；皇上更是一心一意地节俭，并没有大兴宫室、盛设园圃的奢侈之心。官府中积累的材料物资，无不是余裕漫溢，甚至于都被蠹蚀腐朽了。可是，一遇到意外之事，却又没有限度的搜敛刮取，也许是塑像修庙超过了限度吧！古书上不是说过：“不要做无益的事来损害有益的事吗？”还说过：“君子应当节约用度，爱惜人民。”皇上和各部门的官吏们应当每天早晚都要考虑到这些，坚守职责的道义，千万不可忽视。以此类推而扩展开来，伐竹则如同是一桩小事了。
注释： 畔废：叛逆。畔，通“叛”。暴殄：残害灭绝，任意糟蹋。土宇：土地和屋宅。广斥：广阔的盐碱地。此句意为宋朝疆域广大。委叠：积聚众多。县官：指政府、朝廷。古称天子所居之地为县，即王畿。无艺：没有限度。意者：推测之词。营饰：营造修建。征用材料的目的是修复宫殿。作者这里说营饰像庙，是委婉之词。过差：超过限度。守官与道：这里意谓坚守职责和道义。
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刘基《
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楚人养狙》
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欧阳修《
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与高司谏书》
欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。