《西平乐·稚柳苏晴》翻译及注释
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宋代：周邦彦
元丰初，予以布衣西上，过天长道中。后四十余年，辛丑正月，避贼复游故地。感叹岁月，偶成此词。
稚柳苏晴，故溪歇雨，川迥未觉春赊。驼褐寒侵，正怜初日，轻阴抵死须遮。叹事逐孤鸿尽去，身与塘蒲共晚，争知向此，征途迢递，伫立尘沙。念朱颜翠发，曾到处，故地使人嗟。
译文：柳才甦（sū）、雨方停，川流悠悠远去，不觉春天已徐徐到来。稚柳在雨中苏醒，春寒料峭，春意无多，冷暖不定。稚柳刚披上一层轻柔的绿纱，那老枝上自然还带着雪袭霜欺的痕迹驼褐色，初阳的微温还被浅浅的树荫遮挡，令人爱怜的初春的太阳，刚刚洒放出一些温暖，便被浅浅的树荫拚死遮挡。四十年来经历的人情世事，皆已随秋去春来的孤鸿疾飞而去，自身也与塘中的蒲苇一齐衰老枯黄，怎能知道将要去的地方前途如何，长久地沉思着站立在平坦的沙岸，追忆四十年前还是朱颜乌发的翩翩少年的时候，曾经游过的地方，这次重来令人思绪万千。
注释：稚柳：嫩柳。指春来柳树发的新枝条。苏晴：在晴光中复活生长。故溪：往年（40多年前）经过的溪流。歇：停息。川迥（jiǒng）：平野辽阔。赊：也是“远”的意思。驼褐（hè）：是说身上穿的驼毛里子的粗布衣服挡不住寒气，正喜太阳露头可以去除寒冷了，不料阴云却死死地挡住了阳光。褐，粗布短衣。初日：初春的阳光。轻阴：薄云。抵死：竭力。须：却。孤鸿：孤雁。杜牧《题安州浮云寺楼》：“恨如春草多，事逐孤鸿去。”句意为一生经历一去不返。塘蒲：池中蒲草。南朝梁庾肩吾曾与皇子唱和，势沦败后避难会稽，后还家。《李贺作锰还自会稽歌》咏其事：“吴霜点归鬓，身与塘蒲晚。脉脉辞金鱼，羁臣守边贱。”词人借喻自己发白身老，不堪再仕而甘守贫贱。争知：怎知。向此：来到这里，指天长县。迢递：遥远。伫（zhù）立：凝神久立。朱颜翠发：红颜黑发。代指青春年少之时，也就是四十多年前作者经此路上汴京之时。嗟（jiē）：感叹，感伤。
道连三楚，天低四野，乔木依前，临路敧斜。重慕想、东陵晦迹，彭泽归来，左右琴书自乐，松菊相依，何况风流鬓未华。多谢故人，亲驰郑驿，时倒融尊，劝此淹留，共过芳时，翻令倦客思家。
译文：天似穹庐、四野处地天相衔，高大的乔木依然如四十年前，然而如今自己举足要踏上前方征途的时候，却是心境很不平静，时间变迁，重游故地，但人的心境迥然不同。追求和向往又在心底翻腾，羡慕像东陵侯召平与彭泽令陶渊明一样韬影晦迹、鄙视功名归隐林下的生活；以琴、书自娱，闲时依松赏菊，何况自己精力尚沛、两鬓尚无白发。由衷感谢当年的故交好友，他们亲来我下榻处，为我接风，邀我宴饮，执壶把盏，热情留我共同度过百花即将吐艳争芳的春天。故人的殷勤挽留反而让我这个疲倦无比的游子盼望着返家。
注释：三楚：古地区名。《漠书·高帝纪》引孟康《音义》称旧名汉陵（即南郡）为南楚，吴为东楚，彭城为西楚。约当今安徽、湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、江苏等广大地区。乔木：躯干高大、枝叶繁茂的大树。依前：还和从前（四十多年前）一样。欹（qī）斜：倾侧，倾斜。慕想：向往和仰慕。东陵晦迹：秦东陵侯召平的隐居行为。据《史记·萧相国世家》：“召平者，故秦东陵侯。秦破，为布衣，贫，种瓜于长安城东，瓜美，故世俗谓之东陵瓜，从召平以为名也。”晦迹。隐藏自己的行踪。彭泽归来：指陶渊明辞官归隐。陶渊明曾为彭泽令，后因不愿“为五斗米折腰向乡里小人”，辞去官职，赋《归去来兮辞》中“乐琴书以消优”和“三径就荒，松菊犹存”等句子，说明其隐居生活的乐趣。风流鬓未华（花），是说陶渊明隐居时年纪还不很老。鬓未华：鬓发未花白。句意为陶潜30岁前任州祭酒不久即辞官，更令人敬佩。亲驰郑驿：指作者的老朋友亲自驰马到天长郊外驿站，想好客爱友的郑当时那样款待他。郑，指郑当时，西汉人，以好客爱友著名。据《史记·汲（黯）郑（当时）列传》：“郑当时者，字庄，陈人也。……孝景时，为太子舍人。没五日洗沐，常置驿马长安诸郊，存诸故人，请谢宾客，夜以继日，至其明旦，常恐不遍。”后来借指对友人盛情接待。时倒融尊：也是指天长的老朋友殷勤地款待自己。融，指孔融，东汉人，好客。据《后汉书·孔融传》：“及退闲职，宾客日盈其门，长叹曰：‘座上客恒满，尊中酒不空，吾无忧矣。’”尊，即酒樽。劝此淹留：劝我再此久留。淹留：久留。芳时：春天。美好的时节。翻：反而。倦客：客居他乡的倦游之人。以上六句说故人殷勤好客，盛情挽留，但这反而让词人更加思乡心切，厌倦仕途奔走。
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温庭筠《
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题柳》
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张泌《
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南歌子·岸柳拖烟绿》
周邦彦简介
唐代·周邦彦的简介
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周邦彦（1056年－1121年），中国北宋末期著名的词人，字美成，号清真居士，汉族，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制，提举大晟府。精通音律，曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅，也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。