《荔枝叹》翻译及注释
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宋代：苏轼
十里一置飞尘灰，五里一堠兵火催。
译文：五里路、十里路设一驿站，运送荔枝的马匹，扬起满天灰尘，急如星火；
注释：置：驿站。堠：古代瞭望敌情的土堡。
颠坑仆谷相枕藉，知是荔枝龙眼来。
译文：路旁坑谷中摔死的人交杂重叠，百姓都知道，这是荔枝龙眼经过。
注释：枕藉：纵横交错地躺在一起。
飞车跨山鹘横海，风枝露叶如新采。
译文：飞快的车儿越过了重重高山，似隼鸟疾飞过海；到长安时，青枝绿叶，仿佛刚从树上摘采。
注释：鹘：鸷鸟名。即隼（sǔn）。
宫中美人一破颜，惊尘溅血流千载。
译文：宫中美人高兴地咧嘴一笑，那扬起的尘土，那飞溅的鲜血，千载后仍令人难以忘怀。
注释：破颜：变为笑脸。
永元荔枝来交州，天宝岁贡取之涪。
译文：永元年的荔枝来自交州，天宝年的荔枝来自涪州。
注释：永元：东汉和帝年号。交州：交州，古地名。东汉时期，交州包括今越南北部和中部、中国广西和广东。东汉时治所在番禺（今中国广州）。天宝岁贡取之涪：指唐代天宝年间岁贡涪陵荔枝之事。《新唐书》“玄宗贵妃杨氏。妃嗜荔枝，必欲生致之，乃置骑传送，走数千里，味未变至京师”。岁贡，古代诸侯或属国每年向朝廷进献礼品。涪：水名，在中国四川省中部，注入嘉陵江。
至今欲食林甫肉，无人举觞酹伯游。
译文：人们到今天还恨不得生吃李林甫的肉，有谁把酒去祭奠唐伯游？
注释：举觞：举杯饮酒。酹：把酒浇在地上；表示祭奠。伯游：唐羌，字伯游，辟公府，补临武长。
我愿天公怜赤子，莫生尤物为疮痏。
译文：我只希望天公可怜可怜小百姓，不要生这样的尤物，成为人民的祸害。
注释：赤子：人民。尤物：珍贵的物品，指荔枝。疮痏：祸害。
雨顺风调百谷登，民不饥寒为上瑞。
译文：只愿风调雨顺百谷丰收，人民免受饥寒就是最好的祥瑞。
注释：上瑞：最大的吉兆。
君不见，武夷溪边粟粒芽，前丁后蔡相宠加。(相宠加一作：相笼加)
译文：你没见到武夷溪边名茶粟粒芽，前有丁谓，后有蔡襄，装笼加封进贡给官家？
注释：粟粒芽：武夷茶的上品。前丁后蔡：指宋朝丁清先生任福建漕使，随后蔡囊继任此职，督造贡茶。为了博得皇上的欢心，争相斗品武夷茶，斗出最上等的茶叶，作为贡茶，献给皇上。
争新买宠各出意，今年斗品充官茶。
译文：争新买宠各出巧意，弄得今年斗品也成了贡茶。
吾君所乏岂此物，致养口体何陋耶？
译文：我们的君主难道缺少这些东西？只知满足皇上口体欲望，是多么卑鄙恶劣！
注释：致养口体：这里指满足口和腹的欲望。致养，原意是得到养育。
洛阳相君忠孝家，可怜亦进姚黄花。
译文：可惜洛阳留守钱惟演是忠孝世家，也为邀宠进贡牡丹花！
注释：洛阳相君：指钱惟演，他曾任西京留守。他的父亲吴越王钱俶叙归降宋朝，宋太宗称之为“以忠孝而保社稷”，所以苏轼说钱惟演是“忠孝家”。姚黄花：是牡丹的名贵品种。洛阳进贡牡丹，是从钱惟演开始的。
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孟浩然《
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洛中访袁拾遗不遇》
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司马相如《
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子虚赋》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。