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《桃源行》原文及意思全解_王维作品-<br /> <b>Warning</b>: Use of undefined constant sitename - assumed 'sitename' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in <b>/www/wwwroot/pykjmxsj.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php</b> on line <b>26</b><br /> 翰韵典库
首页 > 诗文 > 王维的诗 > 桃源行

桃源行

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唐代
]:王维


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渔舟逐水爱山春,两岸桃花夹古津。

坐看红树不知远,行尽青溪不见人。

山口潜行始隈隩,山开旷望旋平陆。

遥看一处攒云树,近入千家散花竹。

樵客初传汉姓名,居人未改秦衣服。

居人共住武陵源,还从物外起田园。

月明松下房栊静,日出云中鸡犬喧。

惊闻俗客争来集,竞引还家问都邑。

平明闾巷扫花开,薄暮渔樵乘水入。

初因避地去人间,及至成仙遂不还。

峡里谁知有人事,世中遥望空云山。

不疑灵境难闻见,尘心未尽思乡县。

出洞无论隔山水,辞家终拟长游衍。

自谓经过旧不迷,安知峰壑今来变。

当时只记入山深,青溪几度到云林。

春来遍是桃花水,不辨仙源何处寻。

桃源行译文及注释

译文

渔舟顺溪而下,追寻那美妙的春景,夹岸桃花映红了古渡口两旁。花树缤纷,忘记了路程远近;行到青溪尽处,忽然隐约似见人烟。走入了幽深曲折的山口,再往前,豁然开朗一片平川。远望去丛丛绿树有如云霞绮聚集,进村见户户门前翠竹鲜花掩映。第一次才听说汉以后的朝代,村民穿戴的还是秦代衣装。他们世代聚居在武陵源,在这里共建了世外田园。明月朗照,松下房栊寂静;旭日升起,村中鸡犬声响起。村人惊讶地把外客迎接,争相邀请,询问那世上的消息。清晨的街巷,家家打扫花径;傍晚的溪边,渔樵乘船回村。当初因避乱世逃出尘寰,寻到这桃源仙境便不归还。从此隐居峡谷,再不管外间变化;世人求访异境,不过是空望云山。渔人不怀疑这是难得的仙境,但凡心未尽只把家园挂牵;出洞后他不顾隔山隔水,又决定辞家来此仙源。自认为来过的地方不会迷路,怎知道眼前的峰壑全然改变。当时曾记得山径幽深,沿青溪几回弯曲才到桃林。此日又逢春天,依然遍地桃花水;仙源何处,已杳杳难寻,不辨道路!

注释

逐水:顺着溪水。

古津:古渡口。

坐:因为。

一说“行尽青溪忽值人”。见人:遇到路人。

隈:山、水弯曲的地方。

旷望:指视野开阔。旋:不久。

攒云树:云树相连。攒,聚集。

散花竹:指到处都有花和竹林。

樵客:原本指打柴人,这里指渔人。

武陵源:指桃花源,相传在今湖南桃源县(晋代属武陵郡)西南。武陵,即今湖南常德。

物外:世外。

房栊:房屋的窗户。

喧:叫声嘈杂。

俗客:指误入桃花源的渔人。

引:领。都邑:指桃源人原来的家乡。

平明:天刚亮。闾巷:街巷。开:指开门。

薄暮:傍晚。

避地:迁居此地以避祸患。去:离开。

灵境:指仙境。

尘心:普通人的感情。乡县:家乡。

游衍:留连不去。

自谓:自以为。不迷:不再迷路。

峰壑:山峰峡谷。

云林:云中山林。

桃花水:春水。桃花开时河流涨溢。

桃源行鉴赏

  这是王维十九岁时写的一首七言乐府诗,题材取自陶渊明的叙事散文《桃花源记》。清代吴乔在《围炉诗话》中曾说:“意思,犹五谷也。文,则炊而为饭;诗,则酿而为酒也。”好的诗应当像醇酒,读后能令人陶醉。因此,要将散文的内容改用诗歌表现出来,决不仅仅是一个改变语言形式的问题,还必须进行艺术再创造。王维这首《桃源行》,正是由于成功地进行了这种艺术上的再创造,因而具有独立的艺术价值,得以与散文《桃花源记》并世流传。

  《桃源行》所进行的艺术再创造,主要表现在开拓诗的意境;而这种诗的意境,又主要通过一幅幅形象的画面体现出来。

  诗一开始,就展现了一幅“渔舟逐水”的生动画面:远山近水,红树青溪,一叶渔舟,在夹岸的桃花林中悠悠行进。诗人用艳丽的色调,绘出了一派大好春光,为渔人“坐看红树”、“行尽青溪”作了铺陈。这里,绚烂的景色和盎然的意兴融成一片优美的诗的境界,而事件的开端也蕴含其中了。散文中所必不可少的交代:“晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业,缘溪行,忘路之远近……”在诗中都成了酿“酒”的原材料,化为言外意、画外音,让读者自己去想象、去体会了。在画面与画面之间,诗人巧妙地用一些概括性、过渡性的描叙,来牵引连结,并提供线索,引导着读者的想象,循着情节的发展向前推进。“山口”、“山开”两句,便起到了这样的作用。它通过概括描叙,使读者想象到渔人弃舟登岸、进入幽曲的山口蹑足潜行,到眼前豁然开朗、发现桃源的经过。这样,读者的想象便跟着进入了桃源,被自然地引向下一幅画面。这时,桃源的全景呈现在人们面前了:远处高大的树木像是攒聚在蓝天白云里,近处满眼则是遍生于千家的繁花、茂竹。这两句,由远及近,云、树、花、竹,相映成趣,美不胜收。画面中,透出了和平、恬静的气氛和欣欣向荣的生机,让读者驰骋想象,去领悟、去意会,去思而得之,而所谓诗的韵致、“酒”的醇味,也就蕴含其中了。接着,读者又可以想象到,渔人一步步进入这幅图画,开始见到了其中的人物。“樵客初传汉姓名,居人未改秦衣服。”写出了桃源中人发现外来客的惊奇和渔人乍见“居人”所感到服饰上的明显不同,隐括了散文中“不知有汉,无论魏晋”的意思。

  中间十二句,是全诗的主要部分。“居人共住武陵源”,承上而来,另起一层意思,然后点明这是“物外起田园”。接着,便连续展现了桃源中一幅幅景物画面和生活画面。月光,松影,房栊沉寂,桃源之夜一片静谧;太阳,云彩,鸡鸣犬吠,桃源之晨一片喧闹。两幅画面,各具情趣。夜景全是静物,晨景全取动态,充满着诗情画意,表现出王维独特的艺术风格。渔人,这位不速之客的闯入,使桃源中人感到意外。“惊闻”二句也是一幅形象的画面,不过画的不是景物而是人物。“惊”、“争”、“集”、“竞”、“问”等一连串动词,把人们的神色动态和感情心理刻画得活灵活现,表现出桃源中人淳朴、热情的性格和对故土的关心。“平明”二句进一步描写桃源的环境和生活之美好。“扫花开”、“乘水入”,紧扣住了桃花源景色的特点。“初因避地去人间,及至成仙遂不还”两句叙事,追述了桃源的来历;“峡里谁知有人事,世间遥望空云山”,在叙事中夹入情韵悠长的咏叹,文势活跃多姿。

  最后一层,诗的节奏加快。作者紧紧扣住人物的心理活动,将渔人离开桃源、怀念桃源、再寻桃源以及峰壑变幻、遍寻不得、怅惘无限这许多内容,一口气抒写下来,情、景、事在这里完全融合在一起了。“不疑”六句,在叙述过程中,对渔人轻易离开“灵境”流露了惋惜之意,对云山路杳的“仙源”则充满了向往之情。然而,时过境迁,旧地难寻,桃源已不知在何处了。这时,只剩下了一片迷惘。最后四句,作为全诗的尾声,与开头遥相照应。开头是无意迷路而偶从迷中得之,结尾则是有意不迷而反从迷中失之,令读者感喟不已。“春来遍是桃花水”,诗笔飘忽,意境迷茫,给人留下了无穷的回味。

  将这首《桃源行》诗与陶渊明《桃花源记》作比较,可以说二者都很出色,各有特点。散文长于叙事,讲究文理文气,故事有头有尾,时间、地点、人物、事件都交代得具体清楚。而这些,在诗中都没有具体写到,却又使人可以从诗的意境中想象到。诗中展现的是一个个画面,造成诗的意境,调动读者的想象力,去想象、玩味那画面以外的东西,并从中获得一种美的感受。这就是诗之所以为诗的原因。

  王维这首诗中把桃源说成“灵境”、“仙源”,现代的人多有非议。其实,诗中的“灵境”,也有云、树、花、竹、鸡犬、房舍以及闾巷、田园,桃源中人也照样日出而作,日入而息,处处洋溢着人间田园生活的气息。它反映了王维青年时代美好的生活理想,其主题思想,与散文《桃花源记》基本上是一致的。

  这首诗通过形象的画面来开拓诗境,可以说,是王维“诗中有画”的特色在早年作品中的反映。此外,全诗三十二句,四句或六句一换韵,平仄相间,转换有致。诗的笔力舒健,从容雅致,游刃有余,颇为后人称道。清代王士禛说:“唐宋以来,作《桃源行》最佳者,王摩诘(王维)、韩退之(韩愈)、王介甫(王安石)三篇。观退之、介甫二诗,笔力意思甚可喜。及读摩诘诗,多少自在;二公便如努力挽强,不免面红耳热,此盛唐所以高不可及。”(《池北偶谈》)这“多少自在”四字,便是极高的评价。翁方纲也极口推崇说,这首诗“古今咏桃源事者,至右丞而造极。”(《石洲诗话》)这正是结论性的评价。


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杜甫《
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哀江头》


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李白《
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行路难·其三》

王维简介

唐代·王维的简介


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王维


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王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘,汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,非常多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。

王维共有诗(353篇)

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寓京二首


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宋代

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俞桂


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车马滔滔厌软红,湖边秋意属西风。

木犀初放荷花老,买个船儿学钓翁。


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壬午西域河中游春十首 其五


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元代

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耶律楚材


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二月河中草木青,芳菲次第有期程。花藏径畔春泉碧,云散林梢晚照明。

含笑山桃还似识,相亲水鸟自忘情。遐方且喜丰年兆,万顷青青麦浪平。


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奉和刘泗英四十六岁生日感怀即步元韵辛巳


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近现代

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常燕生


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掉臂兵丛自在行,归来依旧一书生。酒边结客千金尽,帐下翻澜四座惊。

莫惜华年今冉冉,但期民物各平平。春寒喜孕新桐熟,二月江涛撼雾城。


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淮浦歌三章为太仆杨敬之作 其一


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明代

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边贡


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淮浦泱泱淮水流,月明长照浦中楼。白鹤青猿好相访,主人今只在滁州。


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蔎林劝予移居于杭雪舫檗斋二使君亦云然而瓯亭和之独堇浦有以知予之难于迁也


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唐代

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全祖望


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此间良足乐,思蜀还瞿然。既恋善和书,亦念原氏阡。

以兹几踌踷,孤负卜居萹。我家旧吟社,近在孤山前。


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颂古九首


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宋代

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释梵思


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摘杨花,摘杨花,

打鼓弄琵琶。昨日栽笳子,