《咏三良》翻译及注释
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魏晋：陶渊明
弹冠乘通津，但惧时我遗。
译文：出仕为官居要职，只怕蹉跎好时光。
注释：三良：指春秋时秦国子车氏的三个儿子：奄息、仲行、针虎。三人都是秦穆公的宠臣。穆公死，三人遵穆公遗嘱为之殉葬。弹冠：弹去帽子上的灰尘，即整洁衣冠，指准备出仕为官。乘：驾驭，占据。通津：本指交通要道，这里指高官要职。《古诗十九首·今日良宴会》：“何不策高足，先据要路津。”时我遗：即“时遗我”的倒装句，时不我待之意。我：指三良。
服勤尽岁月，常恐功愈微。
译文：一年到头勤效力，常恐功绩不辉煌。
注释：服勤：犹言服侍、效劳。尽岁月：一年到头。功愈微：功劳甚小。愈：更加。
忠情谬获露，遂为君所私。
译文：忠情偶尔得表现，于是得宠近君王。
注释：谬：错误，这是作为臣子的自谦之词。获露：得到表现。私：亲近，宠爱。
出则陪文舆，人必侍丹帷。
译文：出门陪同在车边，入宫服侍丹帷旁。
注释：文舆：华美的车子。这里指穆公所乘之车。丹帷：红色的帷幕。这里指穆公寝居之所。
箴规响已从，计议初无亏。
译文：规劝之言即听取，建议从来不虚枉。
注释：箴规：规谏劝戒。响已从：一发言就听从。初无亏：从不拒绝或轻视。亏：枉为。
一朝长逝后，愿言同此归。
译文：一旦君王长逝后，愿得一道把命亡。
注释：言：语助词，无意义。同此归：一道去死。《史记·秦本纪》之《征义》引应劭曰：“秦穆公与群臣饮，酒酣，公曰：‘生共此乐，死共此哀。’于是奄息、仲行、针虎许诺。及公薨（hōng），皆从死。”
厚恩固难忘，君命安可违！
译文：君王恩厚难相忘，君命怎能敢违抗！
注释：“君命”句：《史记·秦本纪载，秦穆公死，康公立，遵照穆公的遗嘱，杀了一百七十四人殉葬，秦大夫子车氏三于亦从殉，共“一百七十七人”。“君命安可违”即指此事。安，怎能。
临穴罔惟疑，投义志攸希。
译文：面临坟墓不犹豫，献身大义志所望。
注释：“临穴”句：面对坟墓没有犹豫。罔：无。惟：语助词，无意义。疑：犹疑，犹豫。《诗经·秦风·黄鸟》：“临其穴，惴惴其栗。”投义：献身于大义。攸：所。希：愿。
荆棘笼高坟，黄鸟声正悲。
译文：草丛笼罩高坟墓，黄鸟啼鸣声悲伤。
注释：“黄鸟”句：《诗经·秦风·黄鸟》：“交交黄鸟，止于棘。谁从穆公？子车奄息。维此奄息，百夫之特。临其穴，惴惴其栗。彼苍天者，歼我良人！如可赎兮，人百其身！”
良人不可赎，泫然沾我衣。
译文：三良性命不可救，泪水沾湿我衣裳。
注释：不可赎：不能挽救赎回。语本《诗经·秦风·黄鸟》：“彼苍天者，歼我良人！如可赎兮，人百其身！”泫然：伤心流泪的样子。《韩非子·外储说右上》：“公泫然出涕曰：’不亦悲乎！’”
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高适《
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东平留赠狄司马》
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李白《
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同吴王送杜秀芝赴举入京》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。